Method and apparatus for determining satellite orientation utilizing spatial energy sources Patent
Sensing method and device for determining orientation of space vehicle or satellite by using particle traps
Whipple, E. C., Jr.↗
Engineering topics
Whipple, E. C., Jr.
Publications and source records attributed to Whipple, E. C., Jr..
The equilibrium electric potential of a body in the upper atmosphere and in interplanetary space
Equilibrium electric potential of bodies in upper atmosphere and interplanetary space calculated for determination of spacecraft behavior and trajectory
SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY↗
Electricity in the terrestrial atmosphere above the exchange layer.
Electrical properties of atmosphere below D region, between 20 and 60 km, during normal solar conditions when cosmic rays are only source of ionization
IONIC DIFFUSION↗
Measurements of Sheath Currents and Equilibrium Potential on the Explorer VIII Satellite (1960 xi)
Experimental data were obtained from the Explorer VIII satellite on five parameters pertinent to the problem of the interaction of space vehicles with an ionized atmosphere. The five parameters are: photoemission current due to electrons emitted from the satellite surfaces as a result of solar radiation; electron and positive ion currents due to the diffusion of charged particles from the medium to the spacecraft; the vehicle potential relative to the medium, and the ambient electron temperature. Included in the experimental data is the aspect dependence of the photoemission and diffusion currents. On the basis of the observations, certain characteristics of the satellite's plasma sheath are postulated.
Bourdeau, R. E.↗