Energy gain scale calibration of the XRISM Resolve microcalorimeter spectrometer: ground calibration results and on orbit comparison
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Astronomy and AstroPhysics↗
Engineering topics
Yamada, S
Publications and source records attributed to Yamada, S.
CeLAND: search for a 4th light neutrino state with a 3 PBq 144 Ce- 144 Pr electron antineutrino generator in KamLAND
The reactor neutrino and gallium anomalies can be tested with a 3-4 PBq (75-100 kCi scale) 144 Ce- 144 Pr antineutrino beta-source deployed at the center or next to a large low-background liquid scintillator detector. The antineutrino generator will be produced by the Russian reprocessing plant PA Mayak as early as 2014, transported to Japan, and deployed in the Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Anti-Neutrino Detector (KamLAND) as early as 2015. KamLAND's 13 m diameter target volume provides a suitable environment to measure the energy and position dependence of the detected neutrino flux. A characteristic oscillation pattern would be visible for a baseline of about 10 m or less, providing a very clean signal of neutrino disappearance into a yet-unknown, sterile neutrino state. This will provide a comprehensive test of the electron dissaperance neutrino anomalies and could lead to the discovery of a 4th neutrino state for Δm$2\atop{new}$ ≳ 0.1 eV 2 and sin 2 (2θ new ) > 0.05.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Nucleosynthesis in a massive star associated with magnetohydrodynamical jets from collapsars
We investigate the nucleosynthesis during the stellar evolution and the jet-like supernova explosion of a massive star of 70 M{sub Circled-Dot-Operator} having the solar metallicity in the main sequence stage. The nucleosynthesis calculations have been performed with large nuclear reaction networks, where the weak s-, p-, and r-processes are taken into account. As a result s-elements of 60 > A > 90 and r-elements of 90 > A > 160 are highly overproduced relative to the solar system abundances. We find that the Sr-Y-Zr isotopes are primarily synthesized in the explosive nucleosynthesis which could be one of the sites of the lighter element primary process (LEPP).
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
Governance of the International Linear Collider Project
Governance models for the International Linear Collider Project are examined in the light of experience from similar international projects around the world. Recommendations for one path which could be followed to realize the ILC successfully are outlined. The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a unique endeavour in particle physics; fully international from the outset, it has no 'host laboratory' to provide infrastructure and support. The realization of this project therefore presents unique challenges, in scientific, technical and political arenas. This document outlines the main questions that need to be answered if the ILC is to become a reality. It describes the methodology used to harness the wisdom displayed and lessons learned from current and previous large international projects. From this basis, it suggests both general principles and outlines a specific model to realize the ILC. It recognizes that there is no unique model for such a laboratory and that there are often several solutions to a particular problem. Nevertheless it proposes concrete solutions that the authors believe are currently the best choices in order to stimulate discussion and catalyze proposals as to how to bring the ILC project to fruition. The ILC Laboratory would be set up by international treaty and be governed by a strong Council to whom a Director General and an associated Directorate would report. Council would empower the Director General to give strong management to the project. It would take its decisions in a timely manner, giving appropriate weight to the financial contributions of the member states. The ILC Laboratory would be set up for a fixed term, capable of extension by agreement of all the partners. The construction of the machine would be based on a Work Breakdown Structure and value engineering and would have a common cash fund sufficiently large to allow the management flexibility to optimize the project's construction. Appropriate contingency, clearly apportioned at both a national and global level, is essential if the project is to be realised. Finally, models for running costs and decommissioning at the conclusion of the ILC project are proposed. This document represents an interim report of the bodies and individuals studying these questions inside the structure set up and supervised by the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA). It represents a request for comment to the international community in all relevant disciplines, scientific, technical and most importantly, political. Many areas require further study and some, in particular the site selection process, have not yet progressed sufficiently to be addressed in detail in this document. Discussion raised by this document will be vital in framing the final proposals due to be published in 2012 in the Technical Design Report being prepared by the Global Design Effort of the ILC.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
POSSIBLE DETECTION OF AN EMISSION CYCLOTRON RESONANCE SCATTERING FEATURE FROM THE ACCRETION-POWERED PULSAR 4U 1626-67
We present analysis of 4U 1626-67, a 7.7 s pulsar in a low-mass X-ray binary system, observed with the hard X-ray detector of the Japanese X-ray satellite Suzaku in 2006 March for a net exposure of {approx}88 ks. The source was detected at an average 10-60 keV flux of {approx}4 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -10} erg cm{sup -2} s{sup -1}. The phase-averaged spectrum is reproduced well by combining a negative and positive power-law times exponential cutoff (NPEX) model modified at {approx}37 keV by a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF). The phase-resolved analysis shows that the spectra at the bright phases are well fit by the NPEX with CRSF model. On the other hand, the spectrum in the dim phase lacks the NPEX high-energy cutoff component, and the CRSF can be reproduced by either an emission or an absorption profile. When fitting the dim phase spectrum with the NPEX plus Gaussian model, we find that the feature is better described in terms of an emission rather than an absorption profile. The statistical significance of this result, evaluated by means of an F test, is between 2.91 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -3} and 1.53 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -5}, taking into account the systematic errors in the background evaluation of HXD-PIN. We find that the emission profile is more feasible than the absorption one for comparing the physical parameters in other phases. Therefore, we have possibly detected an emission line at the cyclotron resonance energy in the dim phase.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NEUTRINO TRANSFER IN THREE DIMENSIONS FOR CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE. I. STATIC CONFIGURATIONS
We develop a numerical code to calculate the neutrino transfer with multi-energy and multi-angle in three dimensions (3D) for the study of core-collapse supernovae. The numerical code solves the Boltzmann equations for neutrino distributions by the discrete-ordinate (S{sub n} ) method with a fully implicit differencing for time advance. The Boltzmann equations are formulated in the inertial frame with collision terms being evaluated to the zeroth order of v/c. A basic set of neutrino reactions for three neutrino species is implemented together with a realistic equation of state of dense matter. The pair process is included approximately in order to keep the system linear. We present numerical results for a set of test problems to demonstrate the ability of the code. The numerical treatments of advection and collision terms are validated first in the diffusion and free-streaming limits. Then we compute steady neutrino distributions for a background extracted from a spherically symmetric, general relativistic simulation of a 15 M{sub Sun} star and compare them with the results in the latter computation. We also demonstrate multi-dimensional capabilities of the 3D code solving neutrino transfers for artificially deformed supernova cores in 2D and 3D. Formal solutions along neutrino paths are utilized as exact solutions. We plan to apply this code to the 3D neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics simulations of supernovae. This is the first article in a series of reports on the development.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Growth and Magneto-transport Characterization of Double-doped InGaAs/InAlAs Heterostructures with High Indium Compositions
We investigated double-doped InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructures with high indium compositions. The heterostructures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001) with metamorphic step-graded buffer layers. The magneto-transport characterization was performed by using Hall-bar devices. We observed non-monotonic magneto-resistance oscillations, which indicate a single two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) with multiple-subband occupation or a 2DEG bilayer. We also observed weak-antilocalization in all samples, which is an evidence of spin-orbit coupling.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
AN INDIRECT SEARCH FOR WEAKLY INTERACTING MASSIVE PARTICLES IN THE SUN USING 3109.6 DAYS OF UPWARD-GOING MUONS IN SUPER-KAMIOKANDE
We present the result of an indirect search for high energy neutrinos from Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) annihilation in the Sun using upward-going muon (upmu) events at Super-Kamiokande. Data sets from SKI-SKIII (3109.6 days) were used for the analysis. We looked for an excess of neutrino signal from the Sun as compared with the expected atmospheric neutrino background in three upmu categories: stopping, non-showering, and showering. No significant excess was observed. The 90% C.L. upper limits of upmu flux induced by WIMPs of 100 GeV c{sup -2} were 6.4 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -15} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} and 4.0 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -15} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} for the soft and hard annihilation channels, respectively. These limits correspond to upper limits of 4.5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -39} cm{sup -2} and 2.7 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -40} cm{sup -2} for spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections in the soft and hard annihilation channels, respectively.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Nucleosynthesis in Magnetohydrodynamical Jets from Collapsars
We investigate the heavy-element nucleosynthesis of a massive star whose mass in the main sequence stage is M{sub ms} = 70 M{sub {center_dot}}. Detailed calculations of the nucleosynthesis are performed during the hydrostatic stellar evolution until the core composed of iron-group nuclei begins to collapse. As a supernova explosion model, a collapsar model is constructed whose jets are driven by magnetohydrodynamical effects of a differentially rotating core. The heavy-element nucleosynthesis inside the jet of a collapsar model is followed along the trajectories of stream lines of the jet. We combine the results of both hydrostatic and heavy-element nucleosyntheses to compare with the solar abundances. We find that neutron-rich elements of 70<A<140 are highly overproduced relative to the solar abundances. Therefore, we conclude that this scenario should be rare and elements of A < or approx. 70 are compensated for other supernova explosion models. We find also that different mass formula changes significantly the production of elements of A>140.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
R-process Nucleosynthesis in Supernova Explosion
We investigate the possibility of the r-process during the magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) explosion of supernova in a massive star of 13 M{sub {center_dot}} with the effects of neutrinos included. Contrary to the case of the spherical explosion, jet-like explosion due to the combined effects of rotation and magnetic field lowers the electron fraction significantly inside the layers. We find that the ejected material of low electron fraction responsible for the r-process comes out from the inner deep region of the core that is made up of iron-group nuclei. This leads to the production of the second to third peak in the solar r-process elements. We suggest that there are some variations in the r-process nucleosynthesis according to the initial conditions of rotational and magnetic fields.
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗