Engineering topics

Yao, Adrian

Publications and source records attributed to Yao, Adrian.

3 records

DOE OSTI2023

Direct Measurements of Ionic Transport Behavior of Dual-Layer Porous Electrodes

To improve power and cycling performance of lithium-ion batteries, dual-layer or porosity-gradient electrodes have been proposed. By engineering a higher porosity close to the separator, the intention is to improve ion transport where it is most impactful. In this research, MacMullin numbers of two dual-layer anode samples are tested using an impedance measurement technique developed previously. To characterize the microstructure of each layer independently, we developed an improved transmission-line model that accounts for each layer's properties.Virtual experiments using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate impedance measurements are used to examine and improve the accuracy of the numerical inversion procedure. The results for the two dual-layer anodes studied show that MacMullin numbers follow expected trends, though the anodes are quite different from each other.

Dual-Layer Electrodes↗

DOE OSTI2022

Multi-layer anodes for high-current applications

In this work, we present a combination of experiments and modeling of a two-layer anode structure designed by EnPower Inc. for high-energy and fast-charge capabilities. The anode consists of lower porosity near the current collector and higher porosity near the separator with comparable active materials in both regions. A pseudo-two-dimensional electrochemical–thermal model was designed to represent the performance of this electrode. Simulations, consistent with experiments, show superior ion transport and lithiation in the multi-layer anode (MLA) compared to a conventional single-layer anode (SLA). Surprisingly, this improved transport in MLA manifests as enhanced cathode performance during high-rate discharge and this, in turn, provides higher energy density for MLA. Similarly, during fast charge, less irreversible lithium is deposited due to this improved transport in MLA, and hence MLA exhibits less capacity fade compared to SLA. Polarization analysis demonstrates marginally lower cumulative overpotential for MLA in different case studies; however, MLA cells maintain a significantly higher capacity in the same conditions and have more than double the cycle life. Further, this means despite the apparently limited polarization benefit provided by MLA; the MLA structure can more reliably be employed in cell designs. Additional design changes are also analyzed by means of the model.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

DOE OSTI2022

Batteries (2021 Annual Progress Report)

This document summarizes the progress of VTO battery R&D projects supported during the fiscal year 2021 (FY 2021). In FY 2021, the DOE VTO battery R&D funding was approximately $\$$115 million. Its R&D focus was on the development of high-energy batteries for EVs as well as very high-power devices for hybrid vehicles. The electrochemical energy storage roadmap (which can be found at the EERE Roadmap web page2) describes ongoing and planned efforts to develop electrochemical storage technologies for EVs. To advance battery technology, which can in turn improve market penetration of PEVs, the program investigates various battery chemistries to overcome specific technical barriers, e.g., battery cost, performance, life (both the calendar life and the cycle life), its tolerance to abusive conditions, and its recyclability/sustainability. VTO R&D has had considerable success, lowering the cost of EV battery packs to $\$$185/kWh in 2019 (representing more than 80% reduction since 2008) yet even further cost reduction is necessary for EVs to achieve head-to-head cost competitiveness with ICEs (without Federal subsidies). In addition, today’s batteries also need improvements in such areas as their ability to accept charging at a high rate, referred to as extreme fast charging (XFC) (15 minute charge) – to provide a “refueling” convenience similar to ICEs, and the ability to operate adequately at low temperatures. Research into “next-gen lithium-ion” batteries which would provide such functionalities is one of the R&D focus areas. VTO is funding research on both “next gen” chemistries (which employ an alloy anode and/or a high voltage cathode) and beyond lithium-ion (BLI) chemistries (which can, for example, employ a lithium metal anode).

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗