Common Community Physics Package: Fostering Collaborative Development in Physical Parameterizations and Suites
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Engineering topics
Zhang, Man
Publications and source records attributed to Zhang, Man.
Zn[superscript 2+] Induced Phase Transformation of K[subscript 2]MnFe(CN)[subscript 6] Boosts Highly
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Deng, Wenjun↗
Dual expression of CXCR4 and IL-35 enhances the therapeutic effects of BMSCs on TNBS-induced colitis in rats through expansion of Tregs and suppression of Th17 cells
Highlights: • CXCR4/IL-35 expression in BMSCs enhances their protective effects on colitis. • CXCR4/IL-35 expression promotes migration of BMSCs to inflamed colons. • CXCR4/IL-35 expression expands regulatory T cells and suppresses T helper 17 cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) hold great promise for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease owing to their immunosuppressive property and tissue healing potential. The balance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th)17 cells plays a crucial role in BMSC-mediated immunosuppression. Interleukin (IL)-35 is a newly identified anti-inflammatory cytokine required for the expansion of Tregs and suppression of Th17 cell differentiation. IL-35 can amplify the immunosuppressive property of BMSCs when overexpressed in these cells. However, the reparative capability of BMSCs in vivo is limited, partly due to the poor homing efficiency of BMSCs to inflamed colons. Up-regulation of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression in BMSCs may affect the directional homing of implanted BMSCs via stromal-derived factor-1. In this study, by lentivirus-mediated introduction of CXCR4 and IL-35 genes to modify rat BMSCs, we observed enhanced migration and strengthened immunomodulatory activities of the genetically engineering BMSCs. These results suggest that modification of BMSCs by dual expression of CXCR4 and IL-35 may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
Isoliquiritigenin protects against sepsis-induced lung and liver injury by reducing inflammatory responses
Highlights: • Inflammation plays a key role in sepsis-induced lung and liver injury. • Isoliquiritigenin reduced the LPS-induced inflammation in MPMs. • Isoliquiritigenin attenuated the inflammation-mediated liver and injury. • Isoliquiritigenin exhibited anti-inflammatory effects via inactivation of NF-κB. • Isoliquiritigenin is a potential agent for inflammatory injuries in sepsis. Sepsis, one of the most fatal diseases worldwide, often leads to multiple organ failure, mainly due to uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Despite accumulating knowledge obtained in recent years, effective drugs to treat sepsis in the clinic are still urgently needed. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a chalcone compound, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the effects of ISL on sepsis and its related complications. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effects of ISL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injuries and identified the mechanisms underlying these effects. ISL inhibited inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) exposed to LPS. In an acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model, ISL prevented LPS-induced structural damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, pretreatment with ISL attenuated sepsis-induced lung and liver injury, accompanied by a reduction in inflammatory responses. Moreover, these protective effects were mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-mediated inhibition of inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Our study suggests that ISL may be a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis-induced injuries.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
GHSR deficiency suppresses neointimal formation in injured mouse arteries
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is involved in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. In the present study, we examined the role of GHSR in neointimal formation following vascular injury. In the mouse model of femoral artery wire injury, we found that vessel intima-to-media ratio was significantly reduced in GHSR deficiency (GHSR{sup −/−}) mice compared with that in wild-type mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the smooth muscle cell (SMCs) in the neointima were significantly decreased in the injured arteries of GHSR{sup −/−} mice which was associated with decreased SMC proliferation and migration. Furthermore, immunoblotting demonstrated that, in cultured rat aortic SMCs, small interfering RNA-mediated GHSR knockdown suppressed the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These findings suggested a novel role of GHSR in neointimal formation likely via promoting the proliferation and migration of SMCs involving Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Therefore, GHSR may be a potential therapeutic target in restenosis and vascular remodeling. - Highlights: • GHSR deficiency inhibits neointimal formation after vascular injury. • GHSR deficiency suppresses SMCs numbers in vivo. • Knockdown GHSR represses SMCs proliferation and migration in vitro. • Knockdown GHSR inhibited Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in SMCs.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
The Sirt1 activator SRT1720 attenuates angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis in apoE{sup −/−} mice through inhibiting vascular inflammatory response
Activation of the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) has been shown consistent antiinflammatory function. However, little information is available on the function of SIRT1 during Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced atherosclerosis. Here we report atheroprotective effects of sirt1 activation in a model of AngII-accelerated atherosclerosis, characterized by suppression pro-inflammatory transcription factors Nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription. (STAT) signaling pathway, and atherosclerotic lesion macrophage content. In this model, administration of the SIRT1 agonist SRT1720 substantially attenuated AngII-accelerated atherosclerosis with decreasing blood pressure and inhibited NF-κB and STAT3 activation, which was associated with suppression of inflammatory factor and atherogenic gene expression in the artery. In vitro studies demonstrated similar changes in AngII-treated VSMCs and macrophages: SIRT1 activation inhibited the expression levels of proinflammatory factor. These studies uncover crucial proinflammatory mechanisms of AngII and highlight actions of SIRT1 activation to inhibit AngII signaling, which is atheroprotective. - Highlights: • SRT1720 reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in aortic arches and atherosclerotic lesion macrophage content. • SRT1720 could inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3 and p65 phosphorylation and translocation. • SRT1720 could inhibit the expression of proinflammatory factor.
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
A NEW THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOLAR WIND MODEL IN SPHERICAL COORDINATES WITH A SIX-COMPONENT GRID
In this paper, we introduce a new three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics numerical model to simulate the steady state ambient solar wind from the solar surface to 215 R {sub s} or beyond, and the model adopts a splitting finite-volume scheme based on a six-component grid system in spherical coordinates. By splitting the magnetohydrodynamics equations into a fluid part and a magnetic part, a finite volume method can be used for the fluid part and a constrained-transport method able to maintain the divergence-free constraint on the magnetic field can be used for the magnetic induction part. This new second-order model in space and time is validated when modeling the large-scale structure of the solar wind. The numerical results for Carrington rotation 2064 show its ability to produce structured solar wind in agreement with observations.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Accurate modeling of switched reluctance machine based on hybrid trained WNN
According to the strong nonlinear electromagnetic characteristics of switched reluctance machine (SRM), a novel accurate modeling method is proposed based on hybrid trained wavelet neural network (WNN) which combines improved genetic algorithm (GA) with gradient descent (GD) method to train the network. In the novel method, WNN is trained by GD method based on the initial weights obtained per improved GA optimization, and the global parallel searching capability of stochastic algorithm and local convergence speed of deterministic algorithm are combined to enhance the training accuracy, stability and speed. Based on the measured electromagnetic characteristics of a 3-phase 12/8-pole SRM, the nonlinear simulation model is built by hybrid trained WNN in Matlab. The phase current and mechanical characteristics from simulation under different working conditions meet well with those from experiments, which indicates the accuracy of the model for dynamic and static performance evaluation of SRM and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Composition dependence of the photochemical reduction of Ag{sup +} by as-grown Pb(Zr{sub x}Ti{sub 1−x})O{sub 3} films on indium tin oxide electrode
Photochemical growth of metal particles on ferroelectric films has usually been found to depend on polarization effect solely. This research exploits the interplay of the film/electrode interface barrier and depolarization field on the photoreduction of Ag{sup +} to Ag onto Pb(Zr,Ti)O{sub 3} (PZT) films deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Ag nanoparticles are observed on the as-grown polycrystalline PZT films without poling, while the particle size and density are closely related to the concentration of Zr in PZT and the poling direction. The enhancement on the photoelectrochemical properties of the ITO/PZT photocathode by the decoration of Ag nanoparticles is finally demonstrated.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗