TY - RPRT TI - Systematic Benchmarking of Climate Models: Methodologies, Applications, and New Directions AU - Hassler, Birgit [German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany)] (ORCID:000000032724709X) AU - Hoffman, Forrest M. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000158024134) AU - Beadling, Rebecca [Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000194918776) AU - Blockley, Ed [United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Exeter, Devon (United Kingdom)] (ORCID:0000000204894238) AU - Huang, Bo [Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, Trondheim (Norway)] (ORCID:000000016073432X) AU - Lee, Jiwoo [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000200167199) AU - Lembo, Valerio [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Roma (Italy). Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (CNR-ISAC)] (ORCID:0000000160855914) AU - Lewis, Jared [Climate Resource Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC (Australia)] (ORCID:0000000281558924) AU - Lu, Jianhua [Sun Yat‐Sen Univ., Zhuhai (China)] (ORCID:0000000282413356) AU - Madaus, Luke [Jupiter Intelligence, Inc., San Mateo, CA (United States)] (ORCID:000000024546367X) AU - Malinina, Elizaveta [Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Victoria, BC (Canada). Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma)] (ORCID:0000000241022877) AU - Medeiros, Brian [NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000321884784) AU - Pokam, Wilfried [Univ. of Yaoundé (Cameroon)] AU - Scoccimarro, Enrico [Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change (CMCC Foundation), Bologna (Italy)] (ORCID:0000000179874744) AU - Swaminathan, Ranjini [Univ. of Reading (United Kingdom)] (ORCID:0000000158532673) PY - 2026 DO - 10.1029/2025rg000891 UR - https://www.osti.gov/biblio/3030353 ID - 3030353 ER -