TY - RPRT TI - Model Residuals as Shields: A Two-Level Formulation to Defend Smart Grids From Poisoning Attacks AU - Lin, Tung-Wei [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000323522867) AU - Roy, Padmaksha [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)] AU - Zeng, Yi [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)] AU - Jin, Ming [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000179094545) AU - Jia, Ruoxi [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States); Peking University, Beijing (China); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] AU - Liu, Chen-Ching [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000289417958) AU - Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Alberto [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000312988389) PY - 2025 DO - 10.1109/jiot.2025.3575005 UR - https://www.osti.gov/biblio/3030948 ID - 3030948 ER -