TY - RPRT TI - A variational framework for residual-based adaptivity in neural PDE solvers and operator learning AU - Toscano, Juan Diego [Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)] AU - Chen, Daniel T. [Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)] AU - Ooomen, Vivek [Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)] AU - Darbon, Jérôme [Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)] AU - Karniadakis, George Em [Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] PY - 2026 DO - 10.1038/s44387-026-00084-4 UR - https://www.osti.gov/biblio/3366359 ID - 3366359 ER -