Semiannual variations in the neutral composition.

Abstract

Meteor trail observations of the meridional mesospheric wind field are analyzed in terms of spherical harmonics, showing a predominance in the P3 term for the semiannual component. This suggests two heat sources for the semiannual variations. One that peaks at the equator is associated with the semiannual migration of the sun between the two hemispheres. A second heat input of greater magnitude that peaks at high latitudes is presumably related to auroral heating associated with the semiannual component in the occurrence of magnetic storms. The wind circulation, consistent with these sources, is shown to cause a semiannual redistribution of the minor constituent O in the lower thermosphere with the effects of decreasing the ratios of O/N2 and O/O2 at high latitudes and of enhancing these ratios at mid to low latitudes during equinox.