A sea-level recorder for tectonic studies

Abstract

In the past tide gauges have provided valuable information concerning the vertical ground deformation associated with major earthquakes. Although tide-gauge data contains numerous sources of noise, a spacing of less than 40 km between gauges is indicated for a useful study of dilatant behavior, and a spacing of less than 80 km may be adequate for the study of crustal downwarping in island arcs. An inexpensive tide gauge which is designed to provide a continuous record of sea level with a measurement precision of 1 mm is described. Hydraulic filtering is incorporated into the instrument to attenuate daily tides relative to longer period variations of sea level. The instrument is designed to operate from flashlight batteries for a year unattended and to withstand temporary submersion as might be caused by tsunamis. Several of these sea-level recorders have been installed in seismic gaps in the Aleutians and in the Caribbean.