Atmospheric lapse rate regimes and their parameterization

Abstract

Lapse rates, moist adiabatic lapse rates and the critical lapse rate for baroclinic adjustment are calculated and compared for the mean annual, January and July states in the Northern Hemisphere. The small seasonal changes in hemispheric mean lapse rates can be attributed to counteracting seasonal changes in the strength of moist convection and baroclinic eddies. A major conclusion is that the vertical temperature structure may be well approximated by a radiative-convective equilibrium model with two critical lapse rates, viz. the moist adiabatic lapse rate and the critical lapse rate for baroclinic adjustment.