Vertical ascent from earth to geosynchronous orbit

Abstract

The concept of ascending vertically from the equator on earth to the point in geosynchronous orbit directly above was investigated. The gravity losses were found to be so great that vertical ascent is not practical with only chemical-rocket propulsion. With laser propulsion, propellant requirements with vertical ascent are reduced and might allow the use of single-stage vehicles from earth to geosynchronous orbit. Combined or composite chemical and laser propulsion is shown to be useful. A gravity ladder suspended from geosynchronous orbit part of the distance to earth is shown to reduce the vehicle propulsion requirements.