Noncoplanar magnetic fields, shock potentials, and ion deflection

Abstract

A puzzling aspect of the structure of collisionless shock waves concerns the existence of a component of magnetic field that lies out of the coplanarity plane in the transition layer. It is shown that the existence of this component may be understood and its value calculated from a simple expression derived from first principles. The value of this field component may be derived without reference to the transformation properties of the fields or the changes in energy that the ions and electrons undergo on traversing the electrostatic potential of the shock interface.