NASA NTRS · 20230008393
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Aaron J Paz. Carbothermal Reduction Demonstration (CaRD). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230008393
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In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is the process of extracting local resources to produce commodities for propulsion, life support systems, and off-planet construction rather than transporting consumables from Earth. Molten Regolith Electrolysis (MRE) is a novel ISRU method of extracting oxygen gas and metal alloy from lunar regolith. The MRE process involves placing lunar regolith between two electrodes, through which current is passed, to melt the regolith and reduce the metal oxide constituents by direct electrolysis (e.g. FeO, SiO 2 , MgO, Al 2 O 3 ) into oxygen gas and metal alloys. The oxygen is liquefied and used as propellant for landers, while the metals (e.g. Ferro-alloys) are further processed and used in structural building materials and parts manufacturing. A system model was developed that accounted for the major processes of an MRE plant (from excavation of raw materials to storage of products) to assess the feasibility of a lunar MRE plant. The S ystem Engineering and Integration ( S E&I) I SRU M odeling and A nalysis (SIMA) team utilized its previously documented system sizing model, the Mission Analysis and Integration Tool (MAIT) as framework of the system model. MAIT uses MATLAB/Simulink to integrate subsystem models into a complete system model of the MRE plant. Total mass, volume, and power requirements were computed for numerous iterations of a MRE plant.
Goals: Develop technologies to extract water from planetary regolith considering production rate vs: energy/power consumption (efficiency, yield, heat recuperation options); Mass and sizing: modularity, batch sizes, soil feed options, etc.; Ruggedness in terms of soil, environmental, and operational parameters; seals and component wear, etc.; Removal of product and disposal of spent material. Summary: Technology development is underway for several ISRU water extraction hardware concepts for Mars application - Hydrated minerals (Auger dryer, Microwave, Open Air), Subsurface Ice (Rodwell); Models are developed with experimental and breadboard efforts for use in larger ISRU system models; Each effort consists of a 3 year development plan, with the goal of integrating into a larger subsystem test in 2020 - Concurrent technology advance allows for flexibility in system design; depending on architecture decisions and progress of associated subsystems.
Media Filter MOXIE support: completed flow performance tests and initial dust loading tests of the MOXIE HEPA filter in the Mars Flow Loop Designed and fabricated prototype full-scale scroll filter for testing of renewable filter performance Mars Flow Loop upgrades: installed more sensitive instrumentation, improved imaging, and increased run duration capability Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) Plasma-physics based model predicts particle charge and trajectory Characterizing dust environment from fluidized-bed injection dust environment using laser sheet visualization and Fine Particle Analyzer Sabatier Design Study Defined the Sabatier design space, including reactor type, thermal management, gas recycling/separation Modeled Sabatier systems with one or two reactors with different types of thermal management Adding thermal management schemes and recycling and gas separation to model Catalyst Screening Performing compression testing on new and used catalyst pellets Performing vibration testing on different catalyst pellet types under different load conditions Preparing to test catalysts for performance and degradation