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DOE OSTI · 1116921

Ag BL Description for General Atomics

Huntington, C.
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Abstract

The Material Strength campaign at LLNL is an effort to measure the resistance of materials to deformation when placed under large stresses. These experiments are carried out at large laser facilities, where a laser-driven plasma pusher creates a pressure in excess of 5 Mbar (on the NIF) or 1 Mbar (at OMEGA) in the sample of interest. Strong materials resist deforming in response to these high pressures, and the magnitude of the strength can be inferred using an x-ray probe traversing the sample. The x-ray source used for this probe must be bright, high-energy, and spatially coherent. To achieve all of these things, silver micro-wires and micro-flags are an essential diagnostic tool.

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Huntington, C.. 2013-12-12. Ag BL Description for General Atomics. https://doi.org/10.2172/1116921

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Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

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