Search NASA⌕ Search

DOE OSTI · 1273712

Materials Data on Sm11Cd45 by Materials Project

Abstract

Sm11Cd45 is Bergman Structure: Mg32(Al,Zn)49 Bergman-derived structured and crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Sm sites. In the first Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to sixteen Cd atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Cd bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.71 Å. In the second Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to sixteen Cd atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Cd bond distances ranging from 3.31–3.56 Å. In the third Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to fourteen Cd atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Cd bond distances ranging from 3.20–3.85 Å. In the fourth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to sixteen Cd atoms. There are four shorter (3.29 Å) and twelve longer (3.41 Å) Sm–Cd bond lengths. In the fifth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to fourteen Cd atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Cd bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.44 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent Cd sites. In the first Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Sm and seven Cd atoms. There are a spread of Cd–Cd bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.26 Å. In the second Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Sm and eight Cd atoms. There are a spread of Cd–Cd bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.32 Å. In the third Cd site, Cd is bonded to three Sm and nine Cd atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing CdSm3Cd9 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cd–Cd bond distances ranging from 2.83–3.40 Å. In the fourth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Sm and seven Cd atoms. There are one shorter (3.07 Å) and six longer (3.27 Å) Cd–Cd bond lengths. In the fifth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sm and eight Cd atoms. There are one shorter (3.04 Å) and three longer (3.06 Å) Cd–Cd bond lengths. In the sixth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Sm and four equivalent Cd atoms. In the seventh Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Sm and seven Cd atoms. All Cd–Sm bond lengths are 3.48 Å. There are a spread of Cd–Cd bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.26 Å. In the eighth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sm and twelve equivalent Cd atoms. In the ninth Cd site, Cd is bonded to four Sm and eight Cd atoms to form a mixture of distorted face, edge, and corner-sharing CdSm4Cd8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Cd–Cd bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.35 Å. In the tenth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three Sm and nine Cd atoms. There are one shorter (3.05 Å) and two longer (3.26 Å) Cd–Cd bond lengths. In the eleventh Cd site, Cd is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four Sm and four Cd atoms. Both Cd–Cd bond lengths are 2.93 Å. In the twelfth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Sm and eight Cd atoms. In the thirteenth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four Sm and four Cd atoms. All Cd–Cd bond lengths are 3.05 Å. In the fourteenth Cd site, Cd is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five Sm and eight Cd atoms.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

2020-05-02. Materials Data on Sm11Cd45 by Materials Project. https://doi.org/10.17188/1273712

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗