Search NASA⌕ Search

DOE OSTI · 1306881

Materials Data on Na5GdO4 by Materials Project

Abstract

Na5GdO4 is Spinel-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted NaO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent GdO4 tetrahedra, corners with eight NaO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent NaO4 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one GdO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NaO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one NaO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.62 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted NaO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent GdO4 tetrahedra, corners with four NaO4 tetrahedra, corners with six NaO4 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one GdO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NaO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one NaO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.48 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted NaO4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent GdO4 tetrahedra, corners with eight NaO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent NaO4 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one GdO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NaO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one NaO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.48 Å. In the fourth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted NaO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent GdO4 tetrahedra, corners with four NaO4 tetrahedra, corners with six NaO4 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one GdO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NaO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one NaO4 trigonal pyramid. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.46 Å. In the fifth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NaO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaO4 tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent GdO4 tetrahedra, corners with four NaO4 trigonal pyramids, edges with two NaO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two NaO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–2.41 Å. Gd3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form GdO4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight NaO4 tetrahedra, corners with four NaO4 trigonal pyramids, edges with two NaO4 tetrahedra, and edges with two NaO4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Gd–O bond distances ranging from 2.17–2.21 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Na1+ and one Gd3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Na1+ and one Gd3+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing ONa5Gd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–60°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Na1+ and one Gd3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Na1+ and one Gd3+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing ONa5Gd octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–60°.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

2020-08-03. Materials Data on Na5GdO4 by Materials Project. https://doi.org/10.17188/1306881

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗