Search NASA⌕ Search

DOE OSTI · 1318586

Materials Data on Mn2ZnO4 by Materials Project

Abstract

ZnMn2O4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Mn3+ sites. In the first Mn3+ site, Mn3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.64 Å. In the second Mn3+ site, Mn3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted MnO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with four ZnO5 square pyramids, edges with four MnO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnO5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 54°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.27 Å. In the third Mn3+ site, Mn3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted MnO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, corners with four ZnO5 square pyramids, edges with four MnO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnO5 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 49°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.31 Å. In the fourth Mn3+ site, Mn3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted MnO6 octahedra that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnO5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, and edges with three ZnO5 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–54°. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.55 Å. There are two inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form ZnO5 square pyramids that share corners with six MnO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnO5 square pyramids, and a faceface with one MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–59°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.17 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form ZnO5 square pyramids that share corners with four MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent MnO6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnO5 square pyramids, and a faceface with one MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–57°. There are four shorter (2.08 Å) and one longer (2.18 Å) Zn–O bond lengths. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Mn3+ and one Zn2+ atom to form distorted OMn3Zn trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent OMn3Zn2 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent OMn3Zn trigonal pyramids, and edges with three OMn3Zn2 square pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Mn3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Mn3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Mn3+ and one Zn2+ atom to form distorted OMn3Zn trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent OMn3Zn2 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent OMn3Zn trigonal pyramids, and edges with three OMn3Zn2 square pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Mn3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form distorted OMn3Zn2 square pyramids that share corners with two equivalent OMn3Zn trigonal pyramids, edges with four OMn3Zn2 square pyramids, and edges with three OMn3Zn trigonal pyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Mn3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Mn3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form distorted OMn3Zn2 square pyramids that share corners with two equivalent OMn3Zn trigonal pyramids, edges with four OMn3Zn2 square pyramids, and edges with three OMn3Zn trigonal pyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Mn3+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

2020-08-03. Materials Data on Mn2ZnO4 by Materials Project. https://doi.org/10.17188/1318586

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗