DOE OSTI · 1345785
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Hukerikar, Saurabh, Engelmann, Christian. 2016-01-01. Language Support for Reliable Memory Regions. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52709-3_6
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PeleC is an Exascale Computing Project application for simulating compressible combustion in complex geometries. It has been built on top of the popular AMReX library. In the beginning of the Exascale Computing Project, PeleC was focused on KNL. It uses a mixture of C++, C, and kernels written in Fortran to obtain performance by focusing on vectorization. Recently we have taken two approaches in deciding PeleC's future for obtaining performance on exascale GPU machines. In the first programming model, we decorated the Fortran kernels with OpenACC directives. This expedited our ability to run at large scales on Summit's GPUs, where we achieved a significant speedup over the CPUs on Summit. The second programming model involved rewriting the Fortran kernels in C++ and using AMReX's Kokkos-like lambda abstractions for running on the GPU. This resulted in similar speedups on Summit's GPUs over merely utilizing the CPUs. Both approaches involved AMReX's management of memory transfers between the device and host. In this work, we compare and contrast the benefits and pitfalls to both programming approaches regarding performance, performance portability, and productivity. We also discuss advantages we have found in taking the time to modernize our code and why have chosen a specific pathway to prepare our code for the future DOE exascale machines.
Supporting error resilience in future exascale-class supercomputing systems is a critical challenge. Due to transistor scaling trends and increasing memory density, scientific simulations are expected to experience more interruptions caused by transient errors in the system memory. Existing hardware-based detection and recovery techniques will be inadequate to manage the presence of high memory fault rates. In this paper we propose a partial memory protection scheme based on region-based memory management. We define the concept of regions called havens that provide fault protection for program objects. We provide reliability for the regions through a software-based parity protection mechanism. Our approach enables critical program objects to be placed in these havens. The fault coverage provided by our approach is application agnostic, unlike algorithm-based fault tolerance techniques.