Search NASA⌕ Search
Home/Archive/DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI · 1632637

Cold cathode switching device and converter

Sommerer, Timothy John·Michael, Joseph Darryl·Smith, David John·Zalubovsky, Sergey Joseph
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

A cold-cathode switching device is presented. The cold-cathode switching device includes a housing defining a chamber; an ionizable gas disposed in the chamber; and a plurality of electrodes disposed in the chamber. The plurality of electrodes includes a cathode and an anode defining a discharge gap, and wherein at least one of the cathode and anode comprises a material that is liquid at an operating temperature of the cathode or the anode.

Explore related subjects

42 ENGINEERING70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Sommerer, Timothy John, Michael, Joseph Darryl, Smith, David John, Zalubovsky, Sergey Joseph. 2020-03-03. Cold cathode switching device and converter. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1632637

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

DOE OSTI2026

Large language models for transportation research: Methodologies, state of the art, and future opportunities

The rapid rise of large language models (LLMs) is transforming transportation research, with significant advancements emerging between 2023 and 2025, a period marked by the inception and swift growth of adopting and adapting LLMs for various transportation applications. Despite these significant advancements, however, a systematic review and synthesis of the existing literature remains lacking. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive review of the methodologies and applications of LLMs in transportation. We explore key applications, including autonomous driving, travel behavior prediction, and general transportation-related queries, alongside LLM methodologies such as zero- or few-shot learning, prompt engineering, and fine-tuning. From the review, critical research gaps are identified. From the methodological perspective, many of the research limitations can be addressed by integrating LLMs with existing tools and refining LLM architectures. From the application perspective, research opportunities for LLMs to address various transportation challenges are also explored. By synthesizing these findings, this review not only presents the state-of-the-art LLM adoption and adaptation in transportation, but also proposes future research directions as well as insights and recommendations for policymakers and practitioners, paving the way for greater LLM-driven research innovations in transportation in the future.

42 ENGINEERING↗