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DOE OSTI · 2282039

Surveillance Test Articles Development

Sham, Ting-Leung·Mahajan, Heramb Prakash
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Abstract

Overview of previous work at ANL: • Initial designs tested with A617 driver • 3 families of specimens: - Large: demonstrate failure during test - Small: demonstrate realistic-sized samples - Reference: to validate the strain-gauge thermal strain correction • Thermal cycling between 500 and 650, over a period of about 200 minutes • Demonstrated basic surveillance approach • Large specimens failed in gauge section • The bimetallic welds appeared intact at the end of testing (316H-A617) • Gradual decrease in strain range over time • Strain gauge reliability was an issue: at least one gauge failed • Failure mode (buckling) was not what we had expected

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCEinitial designs tested with A617 driverSurveillance Test Articles Development

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Sham, Ting-Leung, Mahajan, Heramb Prakash. 2024-01-17. Surveillance Test Articles Development. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2282039

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The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

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