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DOE OSTI · 2499580

Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches: Materials, Physics, and Applications

Meyers, Vincent (ORCID:0000000176731553)·Voss, Lars·Flicker, Jack D. (ORCID:0000000212232154)·Rodriguez, Luciano Garcia (ORCID:0000000246082940)·Hjalmarson, Harold P. (ORCID:0000000159823739)·Lehr, Jane (ORCID:0000000194827620)·Gonzalez, Nicolas·Pickrell, Gregory (ORCID:0000000303377236)·Ghandiparsi, Soroush·Kaplar, Robert (ORCID:0000000279289104)
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Abstract

Photoconductive semiconductor switching (PCSS) devices have unique characteristics to address the growing need for electrically isolated, optically gated, picosecond-scale jitter devices capable of operating at high voltage, current, and frequency. The state of the art in material selection, doping, triggering, and system integration in PCSSs is presented. The material properties and doping considerations of GaN, GaAs, SiC, diamond, and β-Ga2O3 in the fabrication of PCSS devices are discussed. A review of the current understanding of the physics of the high-gain mode known as lock-on is presented.

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCEGaNhigh-voltage switchingphotoconductive switch

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Meyers, Vincent (ORCID:0000000176731553), Voss, Lars, Flicker, Jack D. (ORCID:0000000212232154), Rodriguez, Luciano Garcia (ORCID:0000000246082940), Hjalmarson, Harold P. (ORCID:0000000159823739), Lehr, Jane (ORCID:0000000194827620), Gonzalez, Nicolas, Pickrell, Gregory (ORCID:0000000303377236), Ghandiparsi, Soroush, Kaplar, Robert (ORCID:0000000279289104). 2025-01-10. Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches: Materials, Physics, and Applications. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020645

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The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

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