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DOE OSTI · 2531017

Conservative Spin-Magnitude Change in Orbital Evolution in General Relativity

Alaverdian, Mark [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000282003090)·Bern, Zvi [University of California at Los Angeles, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000190759501)·Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios [Université de Genève (Switzerland)] (ORCID:0000000199763435)·Luna, Andres [Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen Ø (Denmark)] (ORCID:0000000179161939)·Roiban, Radu [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000266895199)·Scheopner, Trevor [University of California at Los Angeles, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000814904904)·Teng, Fei [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)]
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Abstract

We show that physical scattering observables for compact spinning objects in general relativity can depend on additional degrees of freedom in the spin tensor beyond those described by the spin vector alone. The impulse, spin kick, and leading-order waveforms exhibit such a nontrivial dependence. A signal of this additional structure is the change in the magnitude of the spin vector under conservative Hamiltonian evolution, similar to our previous studies in electrodynamics. These additional degrees of freedom describe dynamical mass multipoles of compact objects and decouple for black holes. We also show that the conservative impulse, spin kick, and change of the additional degrees of freedom are encoded in the eikonal phase.

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Classical black holesEffective field theoryFeynman diagramsGeneral relativityGravitational wavesQuantum field theoryScattering amplitudesclassical black holeseffective field theorygeneral relativitygravitational wavesquantum field theoryscattering amplitudes

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Alaverdian, Mark [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000282003090), Bern, Zvi [University of California at Los Angeles, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000190759501), Kosmopoulos, Dimitrios [Université de Genève (Switzerland)] (ORCID:0000000199763435), Luna, Andres [Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen Ø (Denmark)] (ORCID:0000000179161939), Roiban, Radu [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000266895199), Scheopner, Trevor [University of California at Los Angeles, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000814904904), Teng, Fei [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)]. 2025-03-14. Conservative Spin-Magnitude Change in Orbital Evolution in General Relativity. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.134.101602

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