Improving Surface Quality of Titanium Electrodeposition from a Deep Eutectic Solvent with Organic and Inorganic Additives

Livers, Steven [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]; Chancellor, Christopher [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]; Grubel, Katarzyna [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]; Horangic, Diana [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]; Burnett, Riah [Alabama State University, Montgomery, Al (United States)]; Byrd, Bailey [Alabama State University, Montgomery, Al (United States)]; Arendt, Christina Lee [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000295831354); Hubbard, Lance [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000302603641)

doi:10.1002/adem.202500913

DOE OSTI · 2570755

Improving Surface Quality of Titanium Electrodeposition from a Deep Eutectic Solvent with Organic and Inorganic Additives

Livers, Steven [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]·Chancellor, Christopher [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]·Grubel, Katarzyna [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]·Horangic, Diana [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]·Burnett, Riah [Alabama State University, Montgomery, Al (United States)]·Byrd, Bailey [Alabama State University, Montgomery, Al (United States)]·Arendt, Christina Lee [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000295831354)·Hubbard, Lance [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000302603641)

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Abstract

Titanium electroreduction is desired for a variety of medical, electronic, and bonding applications but has not been possible until recently. Titanium electrodeposition with leveler and brightener additives in the deep eutectic solvent ethaline has been studied for effects on spectroscopic reflectance. Polymeric leveling agents and several small‐molecule brighteners produce level/bright films (respectively) with high values for both specular and diffuse reflectance. The application of these leveling and brightening agents can produce films with appearances and surface roughnesses that may be suitable for application in medical implants such as stents, corrosion protection of electronics for wearable technology, and as interlayers between dissimilar metals.

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deep eutectic solvents electroplating ethaline small molecule spectroscopic reflectance titanium

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Livers, Steven [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)], Chancellor, Christopher [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)], Grubel, Katarzyna [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)], Horangic, Diana [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)], Burnett, Riah [Alabama State University, Montgomery, Al (United States)], Byrd, Bailey [Alabama State University, Montgomery, Al (United States)], Arendt, Christina Lee [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000295831354), Hubbard, Lance [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000302603641). 2025-06-28. Improving Surface Quality of Titanium Electrodeposition from a Deep Eutectic Solvent with Organic and Inorganic Additives. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202500913

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