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DOE OSTI · 2574949

Diffuse scattering from correlated electron systems

Osborn, Raymond [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000195653140)·Pelc, Damjan [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States); Univ. of Zagreb (Croatia)] (ORCID:0000000346476218)·Krogstad, Matthew J. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)] (ORCID:0000000285055945)·Rosenkranz, Stephan [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000256590383)·Greven, Martin [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000280554358)
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Abstract

The role of inhomegeneity in determining the properties of correlated electron systems is poorly understood because of the dearth of structural probes of disorder at the nanoscale. Advances in both neutron and x-ray scattering instrumentation now allow comprehensive measurements of diffuse scattering in single crystals over large volumes of reciprocal space, enabling structural correlations to be characterized over a range of length scales from 5 to 200 angstroms or more. When combined with new analysis tools, such as three-dimensional difference pair-distribution functions, these advanced capabilities have produced fresh insights into the interplay of structural fluctuations and electronic properties in a broad range of correlated electron materials. This review describes recent investigations that have demonstrated the importance of understanding structural inhomogeneity pertaining to phenomena as diverse as superconductivity, charge density wave modulations, metal-insulator transitions, and multipolar interactions.

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

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Osborn, Raymond [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000195653140), Pelc, Damjan [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States); Univ. of Zagreb (Croatia)] (ORCID:0000000346476218), Krogstad, Matthew J. [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)] (ORCID:0000000285055945), Rosenkranz, Stephan [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0000000256590383), Greven, Martin [Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000280554358). 2025-02-14. Diffuse scattering from correlated electron systems. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt7770

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DOE OSTI2026

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The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗