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DOE OSTI · 2584455

Time Synchronization Techniques in the Modern Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Survey

Liu, Yu [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:000900062716746X)·Sun, Biao [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000170821320)·Wu, Yuru [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000326723410)·Zhang, Yongxin [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)]·Yang, Jiahui [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)]·Wang, Wen [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)]·Thotakura, Naga Lakshmi [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)]·Liu, Qian [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000316690803)·Liu, Yilu [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)]
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Abstract

In modern smart grids, accurate and synchronized time signals are essential for effective monitoring, protection, and control. Various time synchronization methods exist, each tailored to specific application needs. Widely adopted solutions, such as GPS, however, are vulnerable to challenges such as signal loss and cyber-attacks, underscoring the need for reliable backup or supplementary solutions. This paper examines the timing requirements across different power grid applications and provides a comprehensive review of available time synchronization mechanisms. Through a comparative analysis of timing methods based on accuracy, flexibility, reliability, and security, this study offers insights to guide the selection of optimal solutions for seamless grid integration.

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Liu, Yu [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:000900062716746X), Sun, Biao [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000170821320), Wu, Yuru [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000326723410), Zhang, Yongxin [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)], Yang, Jiahui [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)], Wang, Wen [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)], Thotakura, Naga Lakshmi [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)], Liu, Qian [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000316690803), Liu, Yilu [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)]. 2025-02-27. Time Synchronization Techniques in the Modern Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Survey. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051163

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