DOE OSTI · 2585279
Properties of different LLM-105 preparations
Abstract
LLM-105 (2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide) has been prepared at several different size quantities (~10–70 Kg) and not subjected to further purification, such as recrystallization. Chemical and physical properties were compared—small-scale safety testing (impact, friction, ESD), thermal (chemical reactivity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), one-dimensional time-to-explosion (ODTX)), morphological (particle-size distribution (PSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), skeletal density). Each preparation had similar properties to the other preparations except for PSD and PXRD. For PSD, all preparations exhibited a mono-modal distribution with a variation in median values from ~ 40 μm to over 80 μm. All PXRD values indicated the same morphology with minor variations in crystal orientations. Possible polymorphism was also observed in a few cases. SEM images and PXRD indicate all preparations to be diamond-type and X-type crystals with some twinning. Impact, friction, and ESD and thermal sensitivities values are consistent with these type of crystal habits as seen in vast literature studies.
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Gash, Alexander E. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000249218065), Anderson, Nicole F. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000211997614), Montgomery, Jennifer L. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)], Hsu, Peter C. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000224089367), Coffee, Keith R. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000294984500), Guillen, Ginger J. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)], Hernandez, Patricia A. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)], Clarke, Samantha M. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000268749929), Zaka, Fowzia [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000179822685), Reynolds, John G. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:000000033153063X). 2025-07-11. Properties of different LLM-105 preparations. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370652.2025.2529163
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