DOE OSTI · 2587841
PIAFS: A 2D nonlinear hydrodynamics code to model gaseous optics
Abstract
The survivability of final optics is expected to be a major challenge for all future inertial fusion energy concepts. Due to their higher damage threshold, gaseous optics have been identified as a promising solution to this problem. Gaseous optics can be created through the photoabsorption of spatially modulated UV light, which induces various chemical processes that heat the gas. This heating leads to a pressure perturbation, which in turn launches a density perturbation that can imprint a refractive index modulation such as a grating. In this article, we introduce a parallel C/C++ code to simulate gaseous optics. PIAFS2D is a high-order conservative finite-difference code to solve the compressible Navier–Stokes equations along with the photochemical heating sources on Cartesian grids. The simulations are validated by the linear theory derived in a previous paper [Michel et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 22, 024014 (2024)]. For larger perturbations, the behavior of the system—particularly the evolution of the generated acoustic wave—demonstrates strong nonlinearity. PIAFS2D allows the study of nonlinear behaviors and can be used for the design of high-efficiency gaseous optics elements in realistic experimental conditions.
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Oudin, A. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000263856434), Ghosh, D. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000339102613), Riconda, C. [Sorbonne Univ., Paris (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris (France); Ecole Polytechnique, Paris (France); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Paris (France)] (ORCID:0000000195890568), Lancia, L. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palaiseau (France); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Palaiseau (France); Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau (France); Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau (France)] (ORCID:0000000175013648), Kur, E. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000218313887), Ou, K. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000554040547), Perez-Ramirez, V. M. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000519852582), Lee, J. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000160491708), Edwards, M. R. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000297010736), Michel, P. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000275847420). 2025-07-23. PIAFS: A 2D nonlinear hydrodynamics code to model gaseous optics. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0268318
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