DOE OSTI · 2588797
A General and Modular Approach to Solid-State Integration of Zero-Dimensional Quantum Systems
Abstract
Here, we present an all-electrical readout mechanism for quasi-0D quantum states (0D-QS), such as point defects, adatoms, and molecules, that is modular and general, providing an approach that is amenable to scaling and integration with other solid-state quantum technologies. Our approach relies on the creation of high-quality tunnel junctions via the mechanical exfoliation and stacking of multilayer graphene (MLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to encapsulate the target system in an MLG/hBN/0D-QS/hBN/MLG heterostructure. This structure allows for all-electronic spectroscopy and readout of candidate systems through a combination of coulomb and spin-blockade. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate electronic tunneling spectroscopy of point defects in hBN and the molecular qubit vanadyl phthalocyanine. Our approach demonstrates a new pathway for the incorporation of molecules and atomic defects into solid-state quantum devices and circuits along with a readout scheme that does not rely on highly constrained optical processes for photonic readout.
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Kavand, Marzieh [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); Univ. of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (United States)] (ORCID:0009000115463636), Phillips, Zoe [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)], Koll, William H. [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)] (ORCID:0009000321723187), Hamilton, Morgan [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)], Perez-Hoyos, Ethel [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)], Greer, Rianna [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)], Ara, Ferdous [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)] (ORCID:0000000269774376), Pharis, Daniel [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)], Maleki, Kian [Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States)], Xu, Mingyu [Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States); Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)], Taniguchi, Takashi [National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)] (ORCID:0000000214673105), Canfield, Paul [Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States); Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)], Flatté, Michael E. [Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States); Eindhoven Univ. of Technology (Netherlands)] (ORCID:0000000150931549), Freedman, Danna E. [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000225798835), Gupta, Jay [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)], Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)] (ORCID:0000000262403505). 2025-09-03. A General and Modular Approach to Solid-State Integration of Zero-Dimensional Quantum Systems. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03125
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