DOE OSTI · 2589229
Reactive Suspension Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) suffer from dendrite growth and capacity loss, which compromise safety and cycle life. Here, we present a simple reactive suspension electrolyte (RSE) strategy. When metal oxide (MO x ) nanoparticles are dispersed in the liquid electrolyte, in situ formation of Li 2 O and Li–M phases occurs at the lithium metal anode. By studying two different types of RSEs, Type 1 RSEs (i.e., CuO RSE) without metal-Li alloying and Type 2 RSEs (i.e., ZnO RSE and In 2 O 3 RSE) with metal-Li alloying capability, we elucidate the roles of each reaction compound. Here, we find that Li 2 O can improve reversibility of Li metal anode by stabilizing the interphase while Li–M alloy phases guide uniform Li metal plating. Compared to the carbonate-type reference electrolyte, RSEs demonstrate reduced nucleation overpotential, lower interfacial impedance, and higher Coulombic efficiency, leading to an extended cycle life in Li|Li 1 Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 full cells.
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Lee, Junyoung [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000999032654), Kim, Mun Sek [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)], Cui, Yi [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)], Zhang, Wenbo [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)], Shuchi, Sanzeeda Baig [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)], Holmes, Sarah E. [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:000000027946964X), Lee, Jun Ho [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)], Serrao, Chad [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)], Kim, Sang Cheol [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000217498277), Holoubek, John [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000300154512), Sayavong, Philaphon [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000176058194), Cai, Angela [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)], Choi, Il Rok [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)], Cui, Yi [Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science (SIMES)] (ORCID:0000000261036352). 2025-08-06. Reactive Suspension Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01758
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