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On-chip terahertz emission from Floquet-Bloch states [Invited]

Li, Xinyu [Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000343456270)·Hagelstein, Jesse [Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)]·Sturm, Felix [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)]·Kusyak, Kateryna [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)]·Aranzadi, Juan I. [Univ. of Bremen (Germany)]·Kipp, Gunda [Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)]·Huang, Yunfei [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)]·Schulte, Benedikt F. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)]·Potts, Alex M. [Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000335021701)·Quirós-Cordero, Victoria [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)]·Trovatello, Chiara [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)] (ORCID:0000000281509743)·Peng, Zhi Hao [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)]·Hu, Chaowei [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)]·DeStefano, Jonathan M. [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000272201261)·Taniguchi, Takashi [National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)]·Wantanabe, Kenji [National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)] (ORCID:0000000337018119)·Sentef, Michael A. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000279460282)·Shin, Dongbin [Gwangju Inst. of Science and Technology (Korea, Republic of)]·James Schuck, P. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)]·Xu, Xiaodong [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)]·Chu, Jiun-Haw [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)]·Bretscher, Hope M. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Univ. of Bremen (Germany)]·Day, Matthew W. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)]·McIver, James W. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)]
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Abstract

Floquet engineering uses time-periodic electromagnetic fields to modify the electronic properties of quantum materials via the creation of Floquet-Bloch states. These photon-dressed states inherit features from both the material and the driving field, enabling the exploration and control of quantum phenomena in light-matter hybrid systems. In non-centrosymmetric materials, shift currents can arise from the quantum geometric properties of electronic wavefunctions. However, shift currents from Floquet-Bloch states remain experimentally unexplored. Here, we employ an on-chip optoelectronic circuit to detect intrinsic terahertz emission from Floquet-Bloch states in T d -WTe 2 under intense optical driving. We observe strong edge-localized terahertz emission that scales linearly with the driving field, consistent with the theoretical prediction for shift currents generated by Floquet-Bloch states. The results advance our understanding of strongly driven quantum materials and provide insights for developing efficient, bias-free terahertz sources for future optoelectronic technologies.

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Li, Xinyu [Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000343456270), Hagelstein, Jesse [Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)], Sturm, Felix [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)], Kusyak, Kateryna [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)], Aranzadi, Juan I. [Univ. of Bremen (Germany)], Kipp, Gunda [Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)], Huang, Yunfei [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)], Schulte, Benedikt F. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)], Potts, Alex M. [Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000335021701), Quirós-Cordero, Victoria [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)], Trovatello, Chiara [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)] (ORCID:0000000281509743), Peng, Zhi Hao [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)], Hu, Chaowei [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)], DeStefano, Jonathan M. [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000272201261), Taniguchi, Takashi [National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)], Wantanabe, Kenji [National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)] (ORCID:0000000337018119), Sentef, Michael A. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)] (ORCID:0000000279460282), Shin, Dongbin [Gwangju Inst. of Science and Technology (Korea, Republic of)], James Schuck, P. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)], Xu, Xiaodong [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)], Chu, Jiun-Haw [Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)], Bretscher, Hope M. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Univ. of Bremen (Germany)], Day, Matthew W. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)], McIver, James W. [Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg (Germany)]. 2025-07-02. On-chip terahertz emission from Floquet-Bloch states [Invited]. https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.554534

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