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DOE OSTI · 2997305

Radiation Effects on Network on Chips (NoC) Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project

Cannon, Matthew Joel [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000303787622)·Thelen, Paul Mark [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000348578541)·Kumar, Amiya [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)]·Drum, Peter Joseph [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)]·Tabaczynski, Andrew Joseph [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)]·Myers, Nicholas Timothy [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0009000465543417)·Lee, David Soowon [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0009000928441856)·Cardella, Antonia Jane [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)]
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Abstract

This project was motivated by State-of-the-Art (SOTA) technology that incorporates Network on Chips (NOC) for efficient data communication across the various computer kernels. For example, on the AMD Versal Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), an NoC has been incorporated for fast data communication from the programmable logic and other computer kernels (processing system, adaptable intelligence engines, etc.). The radiation effects on the legacy technology of this FPGA, such as the programmable logic, are well understood, and established methods exist to measure cross-sections when new families/generations are released; however, newly incorporated technologies, such as the NoC, are not fully understood and could introduce new failure points into the mission space.

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Cannon, Matthew Joel [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000303787622), Thelen, Paul Mark [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0000000348578541), Kumar, Amiya [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)], Drum, Peter Joseph [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)], Tabaczynski, Andrew Joseph [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)], Myers, Nicholas Timothy [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0009000465543417), Lee, David Soowon [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)] (ORCID:0009000928441856), Cardella, Antonia Jane [Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)]. 2025-09-01. Radiation Effects on Network on Chips (NoC) Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project. https://doi.org/10.2172/2997305

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The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

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