Supercooled phase transitions in conformal dark sectors explain NANOGrav data

Gonçalves, João [Univ. of Aveiro (Portugal); Univ. of Minho (Portugal)] (ORCID:000000029423243X); Marfatia, Danny [Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000247982713); Morais, António P. [Univ. of Aveiro (Portugal); Univ. of Minho (Portugal)] (ORCID:0000000171418162); Pasechnik, Roman [Lund Univ. (Sweden)] (ORCID:0000000342310149)

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139829

DOE OSTI · 3008346

Supercooled phase transitions in conformal dark sectors explain NANOGrav data

Gonçalves, João [Univ. of Aveiro (Portugal); Univ. of Minho (Portugal)] (ORCID:000000029423243X)·Marfatia, Danny [Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000247982713)·Morais, António P. [Univ. of Aveiro (Portugal); Univ. of Minho (Portugal)] (ORCID:0000000171418162)·Pasechnik, Roman [Lund Univ. (Sweden)] (ORCID:0000000342310149)

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Abstract

According to recent lore, it is difficult to explain the evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background obtained by pulsar timing arrays with supercooled first-order phase transitions (FOPTs). We demonstrate that supercooled FOPTs in dark U(1) models with a conformal dark sector easily explain the nHz signal at NANOGrav.

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Conformal models Dark sectors NANOGrav Supercooled phase transitions

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Gonçalves, João [Univ. of Aveiro (Portugal); Univ. of Minho (Portugal)] (ORCID:000000029423243X), Marfatia, Danny [Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)] (ORCID:0000000247982713), Morais, António P. [Univ. of Aveiro (Portugal); Univ. of Minho (Portugal)] (ORCID:0000000171418162), Pasechnik, Roman [Lund Univ. (Sweden)] (ORCID:0000000342310149). 2025-08-18. Supercooled phase transitions in conformal dark sectors explain NANOGrav data. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139829

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