Gerischer Electrochemistry Today

Sambur, Justin B. [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States); et al.] (ORCID:0000000284574946); Kaufman, Aaron J. [Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 91, 1370 Franklin Blvd Klamath Hall, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States]; Montoya-Castillo, Andres [Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States] (ORCID:0000000330373695); Kundman, Anna [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States]; Nozik, Arthur J. [Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States]; DesCarpentrie, Ashlyn G. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 119 Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States]; Jana, Asmita [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States] (ORCID:0000000318112652); Tews, Austin [Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States]; Banik, Avishek [Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States] (ORCID:0000000172691929); Martindale, Benjamin C. M. [Nature Catalysis, 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, New York 10004-1562, United States]; DeBruine, Brian [Colorado Hydrogen Network, 1312 Meadow View Drive, Evergreen, Colorado 80439, United States]; Parkinson, Bruce A. [Department of Chemistry; 1000 E. University Avenue] (ORCID:0000000289501922); Frisbie, C. Daniel [Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States] (ORCID:0000000247352228); Tossi, Camilla [ZARM - Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity; University of Bremen]; Hallock, Claire D. [Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St.. Austin, Texas 78712, United States] (ORCID:0009000737524747); Esposito, Daniel V. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 Mudd SW, Mail Code 4721, 500 W. 120th St., New York, New York 10027, United States] (ORCID:000000020550801X); Lustig, Danielle R. [Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States] (ORCID:0000000238860714); Ingram, David [Fortescue Metals Group Ltd.; Fortescue Colorado Innovation Center]; Seo, Daye [Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison]; Solanki, Devan [John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University] (ORCID:0000000314308295); Wang, Dunwei [Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College] (ORCID:0000000155818799); Ratcliff, Erin L. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States] (ORCID:0000000223608436); Houle, Frances A. [Chemical Sciences Division and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States] (ORCID:0000000155712548); Toma, Francesca M. [Institute for Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering; Helmut Schmidt University; Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000323320798); Zhu, Gaohua [Toyota Research Institute of North America, 4440 El Camino Real, Los Altos, California 94022, United States]; Moore, Gary F. [Arizona State University School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD)] (ORCID:0000000333699308); Meyer, Gerald J. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States] (ORCID:0000000242276393); Liu, Honghao [Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697, United States] (ORCID:0000000238714581); Begum, Humayra [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States]; Schneidewind, Jacob [Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Polymers in Energy Applications Jena (HIPOLE Jena), Lessingstrasse 12-14, 07743 Jena, Germany]; Cahoon, James F. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States] (ORCID:000000031780215X); Mayer, James M. [Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States] (ORCID:0000000239435250); van de Lagemaat, Jao [National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States] (ORCID:0000000158516163); Brinker, Jeremy R. [Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St.. Austin, Texas 78712, United States] (ORCID:000900053706474X); Dempsey, Jillian L. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States] (ORCID:0000000294594166); Mendes, Jocelyn [Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States]; Diederich, Jonathan [Institute for Solar Fuels; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin]; Hart, Judy N. [School of Materials Science and Engineering; UNSW Sydney] (ORCID:000000017584779X); Brinkert, Katharina [ZARM - Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity; University of Bremen; Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick]; Rajeshwar, Krishnan [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States] (ORCID:0000000349177790); Choi, Kyoung-Shin [Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison] (ORCID:0000000319458794); Berben, Louise A. [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States] (ORCID:0000000164611829); Salvi, Marco [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy]; Spitler, Mark T. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States]; Rose, Michael J. [Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St.. Austin, Texas 78712, United States] (ORCID:0000000269606639); Lewis, Nathan S. [Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States] (ORCID:0000000152450538); Gomez, Nathaniel A. [Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697, United States]; Maurya, Oshnik [Department of Physics; Institute of Chemical Technology]; Aghadiuno, Patrick O. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 Mudd SW, Mail Code 4721, 500 W. 120th St., New York, New York 10027, United States]; Kamat, Prashant V. [Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Nieuwland Science Hall, 236 Cavanaugh Dr, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States] (ORCID:0000000224656819); Evans, R. Colby [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States] (ORCID:000000022134238X); Almaraz, Rafael [Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States]; Sampaio, Renato N. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States] (ORCID:0000000271586470); Coridan, Robert H. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 119 Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States] (ORCID:0000000319164446); van de Krol, Roel [Institute for Solar Fuels; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin] (ORCID:000000034399399X); Suo, Sa [Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States] (ORCID:0000000300168463); Magpantay, Samantha V. [Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States]; Bae, Sanghyun [Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland]; Cushing, Scott Kevin [Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States] (ORCID:0000000335382259); Ardo, Shane [Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697, United States] (ORCID:0000000171626826); Boettcher, Shannon W. [Department of Chemistry, University of California, 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States] (ORCID:0000000189719123); Hu, Shu [Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States] (ORCID:0000000250410169); Maldonado, Stephen [Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States] (ORCID:0000000229174851); Liu, Tianying [Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College] (ORCID:000000019165308X); Cuk, Tanja [Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States] (ORCID:0000000216352946); Hannappel, Thomas [Institute of Micro-und Nanotechnologies; Technische Universität Ilmenau] (ORCID:0000000263079831); Sayer, Thomas [Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom] (ORCID:0000000161560835); Arthur, Tim [Toyota Research Institute of North America, 4440 El Camino Real, Los Altos, California 94022, United States]; Deutsch, Todd G. [National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States] (ORCID:0000000165771226); Streibel, Verena [Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich] (ORCID:0000000277588610); Stinson, William D. H. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 Mudd SW, Mail Code 4721, 500 W. 120th St., New York, New York 10027, United States]; Jaegermann, Wolfram [Technische Universität Darmstadt, Karolinenpl. 5, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany]; Surendranath, Yogesh [Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States] (ORCID:0000000310163420); Mi, Zetian [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; University of Michigan] (ORCID:0000000194947390); Ye, Zhengwei [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; University of Michigan]

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02966

DOE OSTI · 3010737

Gerischer Electrochemistry Today

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Abstract

Semiconductor photoelectrochemistry is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field at the forefront of research in solar fuels, energy conversion, and catalysis. Here, this Perspective captures the collective insights from the second Gerischer Electrochemistry Today Symposium, held at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, CO, in August 2024, which convened leading researchers, early-career scientists, and industry partners to define the critical next steps for the field. Through interactive sessions, technical talks, panel discussions, and training initiatives─including a Semiconductor Electrochemistry Bootcamp─the symposium emphasized three pillars of advancement: (i) facilitating the exchange of new ideas in semiconductor electrochemistry and charge separation; (ii) fostering the development of future researchers, research topics, and participation in the semiconductor workforce; and (iii) building community. This Energy Focus distills key themes from the meeting and identifies major knowledge gaps in the following areas: mechanisms of charge separation and recombination, role of defects and disorder, dynamic and operando characterization methods, interfacial chemistry and surface passivation, theoretical and modeling limitations, and standardization and benchmarking. The inclusive and collaborative structure of the symposium enabled the generation of this comprehensive report that will serve as a roadmap for fundamental and applied research in the rapidly evolving field of semiconductor electrochemistry over the next decade.

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY electrochemistry interfaces photonics redox reactions semiconductors

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Sambur, Justin B. [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States); et al.] (ORCID:0000000284574946), Kaufman, Aaron J. [Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 91, 1370 Franklin Blvd Klamath Hall, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States], Montoya-Castillo, Andres [Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States] (ORCID:0000000330373695), Kundman, Anna [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States], Nozik, Arthur J. [Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States], DesCarpentrie, Ashlyn G. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 119 Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States], Jana, Asmita [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States] (ORCID:0000000318112652), Tews, Austin [Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States], Banik, Avishek [Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States] (ORCID:0000000172691929), Martindale, Benjamin C. M. [Nature Catalysis, 1 New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, New York 10004-1562, United States], DeBruine, Brian [Colorado Hydrogen Network, 1312 Meadow View Drive, Evergreen, Colorado 80439, United States], Parkinson, Bruce A. [Department of Chemistry; 1000 E. University Avenue] (ORCID:0000000289501922), Frisbie, C. Daniel [Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States] (ORCID:0000000247352228), Tossi, Camilla [ZARM - Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity; University of Bremen], Hallock, Claire D. [Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St.. Austin, Texas 78712, United States] (ORCID:0009000737524747), Esposito, Daniel V. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 Mudd SW, Mail Code 4721, 500 W. 120th St., New York, New York 10027, United States] (ORCID:000000020550801X), Lustig, Danielle R. [Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States] (ORCID:0000000238860714), Ingram, David [Fortescue Metals Group Ltd.; Fortescue Colorado Innovation Center], Seo, Daye [Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison], Solanki, Devan [John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University] (ORCID:0000000314308295), Wang, Dunwei [Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College] (ORCID:0000000155818799), Ratcliff, Erin L. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States; School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States] (ORCID:0000000223608436), Houle, Frances A. [Chemical Sciences Division and Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States] (ORCID:0000000155712548), Toma, Francesca M. [Institute for Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering; Helmut Schmidt University; Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000323320798), Zhu, Gaohua [Toyota Research Institute of North America, 4440 El Camino Real, Los Altos, California 94022, United States], Moore, Gary F. [Arizona State University School of Molecular Sciences and the Biodesign Institute Center for Applied Structural Discovery (CASD)] (ORCID:0000000333699308), Meyer, Gerald J. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States] (ORCID:0000000242276393), Liu, Honghao [Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697, United States] (ORCID:0000000238714581), Begum, Humayra [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States], Schneidewind, Jacob [Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Polymers in Energy Applications Jena (HIPOLE Jena), Lessingstrasse 12-14, 07743 Jena, Germany], Cahoon, James F. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States] (ORCID:000000031780215X), Mayer, James M. [Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States] (ORCID:0000000239435250), van de Lagemaat, Jao [National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States] (ORCID:0000000158516163), Brinker, Jeremy R. [Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St.. Austin, Texas 78712, United States] (ORCID:000900053706474X), Dempsey, Jillian L. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States] (ORCID:0000000294594166), Mendes, Jocelyn [Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States], Diederich, Jonathan [Institute for Solar Fuels; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin], Hart, Judy N. [School of Materials Science and Engineering; UNSW Sydney] (ORCID:000000017584779X), Brinkert, Katharina [ZARM - Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity; University of Bremen; Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick], Rajeshwar, Krishnan [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States] (ORCID:0000000349177790), Choi, Kyoung-Shin [Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison] (ORCID:0000000319458794), Berben, Louise A. [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, United States] (ORCID:0000000164611829), Salvi, Marco [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy], Spitler, Mark T. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States], Rose, Michael J. [Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St.. Austin, Texas 78712, United States] (ORCID:0000000269606639), Lewis, Nathan S. [Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States] (ORCID:0000000152450538), Gomez, Nathaniel A. [Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697, United States], Maurya, Oshnik [Department of Physics; Institute of Chemical Technology], Aghadiuno, Patrick O. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 Mudd SW, Mail Code 4721, 500 W. 120th St., New York, New York 10027, United States], Kamat, Prashant V. [Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Nieuwland Science Hall, 236 Cavanaugh Dr, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States] (ORCID:0000000224656819), Evans, R. Colby [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States] (ORCID:000000022134238X), Almaraz, Rafael [Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake St., Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States], Sampaio, Renato N. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States] (ORCID:0000000271586470), Coridan, Robert H. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 119 Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States] (ORCID:0000000319164446), van de Krol, Roel [Institute for Solar Fuels; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin] (ORCID:000000034399399X), Suo, Sa [Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States] (ORCID:0000000300168463), Magpantay, Samantha V. [Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States], Bae, Sanghyun [Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland], Cushing, Scott Kevin [Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, United States] (ORCID:0000000335382259), Ardo, Shane [Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697, United States] (ORCID:0000000171626826), Boettcher, Shannon W. [Department of Chemistry, University of California, 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States] (ORCID:0000000189719123), Hu, Shu [Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States] (ORCID:0000000250410169), Maldonado, Stephen [Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States] (ORCID:0000000229174851), Liu, Tianying [Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center; Boston College] (ORCID:000000019165308X), Cuk, Tanja [Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States] (ORCID:0000000216352946), Hannappel, Thomas [Institute of Micro-und Nanotechnologies; Technische Universität Ilmenau] (ORCID:0000000263079831), Sayer, Thomas [Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom] (ORCID:0000000161560835), Arthur, Tim [Toyota Research Institute of North America, 4440 El Camino Real, Los Altos, California 94022, United States], Deutsch, Todd G. [National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Materials, Chemical, and Computational Science Directorate, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States] (ORCID:0000000165771226), Streibel, Verena [Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich] (ORCID:0000000277588610), Stinson, William D. H. [Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 Mudd SW, Mail Code 4721, 500 W. 120th St., New York, New York 10027, United States], Jaegermann, Wolfram [Technische Universität Darmstadt, Karolinenpl. 5, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany], Surendranath, Yogesh [Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States] (ORCID:0000000310163420), Mi, Zetian [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; University of Michigan] (ORCID:0000000194947390), Ye, Zhengwei [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; University of Michigan]. 2025-12-09. Gerischer Electrochemistry Today. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c02966

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