DOE OSTI · 3014353
Electrically controlled interlayer trion fluid in electron-hole bilayers
Abstract
Here, the combination of repulsive and attractive Coulomb interactions in a quantum electron-hole (e-h) fluid can produce correlated phases of multiparticle charge complexes, such as excitons, trions, and biexcitons. We report an experimental realization of an electrically controlled interlayer trion fluid in van der Waals heterostructures. In strongly coupled e-h bilayers, electrons and holes spontaneously form three-particle trion bound states. The interlayer trions can assume 1e-2h and 2e-1h configurations. We show that the two holes in 1e-2h trions form a spin-singlet with a spin gap of approximately one milli–electron volt. By electrostatic gating, the equilibrium state can be continuously tuned into an exciton fluid, a trion fluid, an exciton-trion mixture, or a trion-charge mixture. Our work demonstrates a platform to study correlated phases of tunable Bose-Fermi mixtures.
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Qi, Ruishi [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000013051104), Li, Qize [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000123520370), Zhang, Zuocheng [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000178516101), Chen, Sudi [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000270744406), Xie, Jingxu [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000096912474), Ou, Yunbo [Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000293508756), Cui, Zhiyuan [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Dai, David D. [Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)] (ORCID:000000032075024X), Joe, Andrew Y. [University of California, Riverside, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000343767386), Taniguchi, Takashi [National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)] (ORCID:0000000214673105), Watanabe, Kenji [National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)] (ORCID:0000000337018119), Tongay, Sefaattin [Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (United States)] (ORCID:000000018294984X), Zettl, Alex [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:000000016330136X), Fu, Liang [Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000288031017), Wang, Feng [University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000183696194). 2025-10-16. Electrically controlled interlayer trion fluid in electron-hole bilayers. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn4584
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