DOE OSTI · 3020362
C Scanning ARM Precipitation Radar 2nd generation (CSAPR2), Corrected Moments in Antenna Coordinates (CMAC)
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Collis, Scott. 2026-03-27. Corrected Moments in Antenna Coordinates for CSAPR-2. https://doi.org/10.5439/3020362
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The NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s (GSFC’s) W-band (94 GHz) Cloud Radar System (CRS) has been comprehensively updated to modern solid-state and digital technology. This W-band (94 GHz) radar flies in nadir-pointing mode on the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft, providing polarimetric reflectivity and Doppler measurements of clouds and precipitation. This paper describes the design and signal processing of the upgraded CRS. It includes details on the hardware upgrades (SSPA transmitter, antenna, and digital receiver) including a new reflect array antenna and solid-state transmitter. It also includes algorithms, including internal loop-back calibration, external calibration using a direct relationship between volume reflectivity and the range-integrated backscatter of the ocean, and a modified staggered-PRF Doppler algorithm that is highly resistant to unfolding errors. Data samples obtained by upgraded CRS through recent NASA airborne science missions are provided.
This document presents a summary of the airborne weather radar observations made during joint EU/US flight campaigns to study High Altitude Ice Crystal (HAIC) atmospheric conditions. These flight campaigns were conducted near Darwin, Australia and Cayenne, French Guiana in 2014 and 2015, respectively. A variety of analyses were conducted resulting in statistical descriptions of the radar reflectivities of HAIC encountered during storm penetrations. These results are presented along with a set of visualization tools that aided flight operations and post-flight assessments. A summary of HAIC radar reflectivities observed during these flight campaigns corroborates reports by commercial pilots during HAIC encounters.