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DOE OSTI · 3021471

Current interrupt method for calculating the electrochemical impedance in a solid oxide electrolysis stack

Royer, Nathanael D. J. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000899695610)·Meinhardt, Kerry D. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]·McLarty, Dustin [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)]·Marina, Olga A. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000281767099)
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Abstract

Here, in this work the time domain response of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC) to a current interruption was transformed into the frequency domain using a carrier function Laplace transform, which is fit to the experimental data using a MATLAB Complex Nonlinear Least Squares (CNLS) solver. The hardware implementation, consisting principally of a high-speed switch and a fast-logging Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), was assembled and tested using a calibration module to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and speed of acquisition of the prototype device as compared against a calibrated commercial impedance spectrometer. Additionally, the current interrupt device and commercial FRA were used to acquire the impedance spectra of a four cell SOEC stack with a large, 300 cm 2 , active cell area.

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SOECcurrent interruptelectrochemical impedance spectroscopytime domain impedance spectroscopy

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Royer, Nathanael D. J. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000899695610), Meinhardt, Kerry D. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)], McLarty, Dustin [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)], Marina, Olga A. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000281767099). 2025-04-20. Current interrupt method for calculating the electrochemical impedance in a solid oxide electrolysis stack. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237051

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DOE OSTI2025

Stress evolution and creep deformation in solid-oxide electrolysis cell systems – Dynamic modeling and multi-objective optimization to maximize stack life and efficiency

Here, this study develops a thermal stress model of solid-oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) including a model for creep strain and failure probability that is integrated with a dynamic plant-wide model of a hydrogen production process. Uncertainties in key material properties of the cell are quantified to assess their impact on stress profile variability. The oxygen electrode is found to have about 10 times higher failure probability compared to the fuel electrode. The study shows that if the stack operation is not optimized, cycling operation would lead to stress build-up eventually leading to catastrophic failure. A dynamic optimization problem is set up for obtaining the optimal operational profile considering a variable hydrogen production rate. Due to the tradeoff between the efficiency and stress build-up, the dynamic optimization problem is multi-objective. It is observed that the optimizer can considerably reduce the stress build-up (i.e., can increase the stack life) albeit at the cost of a lower efficiency thus exhibiting strong tradeoffs between capital and operating costs. For example, if the stack would be replaced in 0.5 yr, specific energy requirement would be 48.5 kWh/kg H 2 while for a stack replacement time of about 6 yr, the specific energy requirement rises by about 4.2 %.

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