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DOE OSTI · 3025612

Injection locking and coupling dynamics in superconducting nanowire-based cryogenic oscillators

Islam, Md Mazharul [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000348615787)·Hossain, Md Shafayat [Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000237445877)·Hamilton, Kathleen E. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000163825665)·Aziz, Ahmedullah [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000315734122)
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Abstract

Oscillators designed to function at cryogenic temperatures play a critical role in superconducting electronics and quantum computing by providing stable, low-noise signals with minimal energy loss. Here, in this work, we present a comprehensive numerical study of injection locking and mutual coupling dynamics in superconducting nanowire (ScNW)-based cryogenic oscillators. Using the design space of a standalone ScNW-based oscillator, we investigate two critical mechanisms that govern frequency synchronization and signal coordination in cryogenic computing architectures: (1) injection locking induced by an external AC signal with a frequency near the oscillator's natural frequency, and (2) the mutual coupling dynamics between two ScNW oscillators under varying coupling strengths. We identify key design parameters—such as shunt resistance, nanowire inductance, and coupling strength—that govern the locking range. Additionally, we examine how the amplitude of the injected signal affects the amplitude of the locked oscillation, offering valuable insights for power-aware oscillator synchronization. Furthermore, we analyze mutual synchronization between coupled ScNW oscillators using capacitive and resistive coupling elements. Our results reveal that the phase difference between oscillators can be controlled by tuning the coupling strength, enabling programmable phase-encoded information processing. These findings could enable building ScNW-based oscillatory neural networks, synchronized cryogenic logic blocks, and on-chip cryogenic resonator arrays.

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Artificial neural networksCapacitive couplingCryogenicsFourier analysisInductive couplingInformation technologyNanowiresQuantum computing

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Islam, Md Mazharul [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000348615787), Hossain, Md Shafayat [Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000237445877), Hamilton, Kathleen E. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000163825665), Aziz, Ahmedullah [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000315734122). 2025-12-30. Injection locking and coupling dynamics in superconducting nanowire-based cryogenic oscillators. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0297721

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