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DOE OSTI · 3027529

Texture Evolution of Plated Lithium in Anode-Free Solid-State Batteries

Li, Zhuo [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000163883398)·Wu, Daren [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000179479066)·Ji, Simon Si Ming [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)]·Claus, Ana G. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)]·Zhong, Hui [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)] (ORCID:0000000251579089)·Ghose, Sanjit K. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)]·Hatzell, Kelsey B. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000252227288)
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Abstract

Here, this study investigates lithium plating texture in anode-free solid-state batteries using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction. Conventional methods are limited by lithium’s low electron density and softness, which hinders direct interrogation in anode-free solid-state batteries. Results reveal that lithium plating texture is influenced by temperature and current density. Under mild conditions, lithium exhibited a ⟨110⟩ fiber texture. However, higher current densities and elevated temperatures led to a more randomized orientation, suggesting a dependence on plating conditions. The results highlight how the operating and processing conditions for lithium metal can influence the texture of lithium metal and reversible operation.

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

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Li, Zhuo [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000163883398), Wu, Daren [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000179479066), Ji, Simon Si Ming [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)], Claus, Ana G. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)], Zhong, Hui [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)] (ORCID:0000000251579089), Ghose, Sanjit K. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)], Hatzell, Kelsey B. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)] (ORCID:0000000252227288). 2026-01-29. Texture Evolution of Plated Lithium in Anode-Free Solid-State Batteries. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.5c03205

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DOE OSTI2026

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The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

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