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Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants

Hayrapetyan, Aram [Yerevan Physics Inst. (YerPhI) (Armenia); Universita degli Studi di Cagliari (Italy); CMS Collaboration. et al.]·Makarenko, V. (ORCID:0000000284068605)·Tumasyan, A. (ORCID:0009000006846742)·Adam, W. (ORCID:0000000190994341)·Andrejkovic, J.W.·Benato, L. (ORCID:0000000151357489)·Bergauer, T. (ORCID:0000000257860293)·Dragicevic, M. (ORCID:0000000319676783)·Giordano, C.·Hussain, P.S. (ORCID:0000000248255278)·Jeitler, M. (ORCID:0000000251419560)·Krammer, N. (ORCID:0000000205480985)·Li, A. (ORCID:000000024547116X)·Liko, D. (ORCID:000000023380473X)·Mikulec, I. (ORCID:0000000303852746)·Schieck, J. (ORCID:0000000210588093)·Schöfbeck, R. (ORCID:0000000223328784)·Schwarz, D. (ORCID:0000000238217331)·Shooshtari, M. (ORCID:0009000488824887)·Sonawane, M. (ORCID:0000000305107010)·Waltenberger, W. (ORCID:0000000262157228)·Wulz, C.-E. (ORCID:0000000192265812)·Janssen, T. (ORCID:0000000239984081)·Kwon, H. (ORCID:0009000251655018)·Ocampo Henao, D. (ORCID:0000000197593452)·Van Laer, T. (ORCID:0000000177762108)·Van Mechelen, P. (ORCID:0000000287319051)·Bierkens, J. (ORCID:0000000208753977)·Breugelmans, N. (ORCID:0000000295986241)·D’Hondt, J.·Dansana, S. (ORCID:0000000277527471)·De Moor, A. (ORCID:0000000159641935)·Delcourt, M. (ORCID:0000000182061787)·Heyen, F.·Hong, Y. (ORCID:0000000347522458)·Kashko, P. (ORCID:0000000270507152)·Lowette, S. (ORCID:0000000339849987)·Makarenko, I. (ORCID:0000000285534508)·Müller, D. (ORCID:0000000217524527)·Song, J. (ORCID:0000000327315881)·Tavernier, S. (ORCID:0000000267929522)·Tytgat, M. (ORCID:0000000239902074)·Van Onsem, G.P. (ORCID:0000000216642337)·Van Putte, S. (ORCID:0000000315593606)·Vannerom, D. (ORCID:0000000227475095)·Bilin, B. (ORCID:0000000314397128)·Clerbaux, B. (ORCID:0000000185478211)·Das, A.K.·De Bruyn, I. (ORCID:0000000317044360)·De Lentdecker, G. (ORCID:0000000151247693)·Evard, H. (ORCID:0009000550391462)·Favart, L. (ORCID:0000000316457454)·Gianneios, P. (ORCID:0009000372330738)·Khalilzadeh, F.A.·Khan, A. (ORCID:000900022039277X)·Malara, A. (ORCID:0000000186459282)·Shahzad, M.A.·Thomas, L. (ORCID:0000000227563853)·Vanden Bemden, M. (ORCID:0009000077257945)·Vander Velde, C. (ORCID:0000000333927294)·Vanlaer, P. (ORCID:0000000279314496)·Zhang, F. (ORCID:0000000261582468)·De Coen, M. (ORCID:0000000258547442)·Dobur, D. (ORCID:0000000300124866)·Gokbulut, G. (ORCID:0000000201756454)·Knolle, J. (ORCID:0000000247815704)·Lambrecht, L. (ORCID:0000000191081560)·Marckx, D. (ORCID:0000000167522290)·Skovpen, K. (ORCID:0000000211600621)·Van Den Bossche, N. (ORCID:0000000329734991)·van der Linden, J. (ORCID:000000027174781X)·Vandenbroeck, J. (ORCID:0009000461413404)·Wezenbeek, L. (ORCID:000000016952891X)·Bein, S. (ORCID:0000000193877407)·Benecke, A. (ORCID:0000000302523609)·Bethani, A. (ORCID:0000000281507043)·Bruno, G. (ORCID:0000000188578197)·Cappati, A. (ORCID:0000000343860564)·De Favereau De Jeneret, J. (ORCID:0000000317758574)·Delaere, C. (ORCID:0000000187076021)·Giammanco, A. (ORCID:0000000196408294)·Guzel, A.O. (ORCID:0000000294045933)·Lemaitre, V.·Lidrych, J. (ORCID:0000000314390196)·Malek, P. (ORCID:0000000331839741)·Mastrapasqua, P. (ORCID:0000000220432367)·Turkcapar, S. (ORCID:0000000326080494)·Alves, G.A. (ORCID:0000000283691446)·Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. (ORCID:0000000339040571)·Coelho, E. (ORCID:0000000161149907)·Hensel, C. (ORCID:0000000188747624)·Menezes De Oliveira, T. (ORCID:0009000947298354)·Mora Herrera, C. (ORCID:0000000339153170)·Rebello Teles, P. (ORCID:0000000190298506)·Soeiro, M. (ORCID:0000000247676468)·Manganote, E.J. Tonelli (ORCID:0000000324598521)·Pereira, A. Vilela (ORCID:0000000331774626)·Aldá Júnior, W.L. (ORCID:0000000158559817)·Malbouisson, H. Brandao (ORCID:000000021326318X)·Carvalho, W. (ORCID:0000000307386615)
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Abstract

For the first time, correlations among mixed-order moments of two or three flow harmonics —( v n k , v m l ) and ( v n k , v m l , v p q ), with k, l, and q denoting the respective orders—are measured in xenon–xenon (XeXe) collisions and compared with lead–lead (PbPb) results, providing a novel probe of collective behavior in heavy ion collisions. These measurements compare a nearly spherical, doubly-magic 208 Pb nucleus to a triaxially deformed 129 Xe nucleus, emphasizing the sensitivity to initial-state geometry fluctuations arising from nuclear deformation. The dependence of these results (v n , n = 2 , 3 , 4 ) on the shape and size of the nuclear overlap region is studied. Comparisons between v 2 , v 3 , and v 4 demonstrate the importance of v 3 and v 4 in exploring the nonlinear hydrodynamic response of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) to the initial spatial anisotropy. The results constrain initial-state model parameters that influence the evolution of the QGP. The CMS detector was used to collect XeXe and PbPb data at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of S N N = 5.44 and 5.36 TeV, respectively. Correlations are extracted using multiparticle mixed-harmonic cumulants (up to eight-particle cumulants) with charged particles in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 2.4 and transverse momentum range 0.5 < p T < 3 GeV/c.

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BibTeXRIS

Hayrapetyan, Aram [Yerevan Physics Inst. (YerPhI) (Armenia); Universita degli Studi di Cagliari (Italy); CMS Collaboration. et al.], Makarenko, V. (ORCID:0000000284068605), Tumasyan, A. (ORCID:0009000006846742), Adam, W. (ORCID:0000000190994341), Andrejkovic, J.W., Benato, L. (ORCID:0000000151357489), Bergauer, T. (ORCID:0000000257860293), Dragicevic, M. (ORCID:0000000319676783), Giordano, C., Hussain, P.S. (ORCID:0000000248255278), Jeitler, M. (ORCID:0000000251419560), Krammer, N. (ORCID:0000000205480985), Li, A. (ORCID:000000024547116X), Liko, D. (ORCID:000000023380473X), Mikulec, I. (ORCID:0000000303852746), Schieck, J. (ORCID:0000000210588093), Schöfbeck, R. (ORCID:0000000223328784), Schwarz, D. (ORCID:0000000238217331), Shooshtari, M. (ORCID:0009000488824887), Sonawane, M. (ORCID:0000000305107010), Waltenberger, W. (ORCID:0000000262157228), Wulz, C.-E. (ORCID:0000000192265812), Janssen, T. (ORCID:0000000239984081), Kwon, H. (ORCID:0009000251655018), Ocampo Henao, D. (ORCID:0000000197593452), Van Laer, T. (ORCID:0000000177762108), Van Mechelen, P. (ORCID:0000000287319051), Bierkens, J. (ORCID:0000000208753977), Breugelmans, N. (ORCID:0000000295986241), D’Hondt, J., Dansana, S. (ORCID:0000000277527471), De Moor, A. (ORCID:0000000159641935), Delcourt, M. (ORCID:0000000182061787), Heyen, F., Hong, Y. (ORCID:0000000347522458), Kashko, P. (ORCID:0000000270507152), Lowette, S. (ORCID:0000000339849987), Makarenko, I. (ORCID:0000000285534508), Müller, D. (ORCID:0000000217524527), Song, J. (ORCID:0000000327315881), Tavernier, S. (ORCID:0000000267929522), Tytgat, M. (ORCID:0000000239902074), Van Onsem, G.P. (ORCID:0000000216642337), Van Putte, S. (ORCID:0000000315593606), Vannerom, D. (ORCID:0000000227475095), Bilin, B. (ORCID:0000000314397128), Clerbaux, B. (ORCID:0000000185478211), Das, A.K., De Bruyn, I. (ORCID:0000000317044360), De Lentdecker, G. (ORCID:0000000151247693), Evard, H. (ORCID:0009000550391462), Favart, L. (ORCID:0000000316457454), Gianneios, P. (ORCID:0009000372330738), Khalilzadeh, F.A., Khan, A. (ORCID:000900022039277X), Malara, A. (ORCID:0000000186459282), Shahzad, M.A., Thomas, L. (ORCID:0000000227563853), Vanden Bemden, M. (ORCID:0009000077257945), Vander Velde, C. (ORCID:0000000333927294), Vanlaer, P. (ORCID:0000000279314496), Zhang, F. (ORCID:0000000261582468), De Coen, M. (ORCID:0000000258547442), Dobur, D. (ORCID:0000000300124866), Gokbulut, G. (ORCID:0000000201756454), Knolle, J. (ORCID:0000000247815704), Lambrecht, L. (ORCID:0000000191081560), Marckx, D. (ORCID:0000000167522290), Skovpen, K. (ORCID:0000000211600621), Van Den Bossche, N. (ORCID:0000000329734991), van der Linden, J. (ORCID:000000027174781X), Vandenbroeck, J. (ORCID:0009000461413404), Wezenbeek, L. (ORCID:000000016952891X), Bein, S. (ORCID:0000000193877407), Benecke, A. (ORCID:0000000302523609), Bethani, A. (ORCID:0000000281507043), Bruno, G. (ORCID:0000000188578197), Cappati, A. (ORCID:0000000343860564), De Favereau De Jeneret, J. (ORCID:0000000317758574), Delaere, C. (ORCID:0000000187076021), Giammanco, A. (ORCID:0000000196408294), Guzel, A.O. (ORCID:0000000294045933), Lemaitre, V., Lidrych, J. (ORCID:0000000314390196), Malek, P. (ORCID:0000000331839741), Mastrapasqua, P. (ORCID:0000000220432367), Turkcapar, S. (ORCID:0000000326080494), Alves, G.A. (ORCID:0000000283691446), Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. (ORCID:0000000339040571), Coelho, E. (ORCID:0000000161149907), Hensel, C. (ORCID:0000000188747624), Menezes De Oliveira, T. (ORCID:0009000947298354), Mora Herrera, C. (ORCID:0000000339153170), Rebello Teles, P. (ORCID:0000000190298506), Soeiro, M. (ORCID:0000000247676468), Manganote, E.J. Tonelli (ORCID:0000000324598521), Pereira, A. Vilela (ORCID:0000000331774626), Aldá Júnior, W.L. (ORCID:0000000158559817), Malbouisson, H. Brandao (ORCID:000000021326318X), Carvalho, W. (ORCID:0000000307386615). 2026-03-16. Characterizing the initial state and dynamical evolution in XeXe and PbPb collisions using multiparticle cumulants. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140359

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