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DOE OSTI · 3029900

Solid-state thermometry via ionic–electronic coupling in two-dimensional heterostructures

Sen, Dipanjan [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)]·Chowdhury, Anirban [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)]·Imam, Safdar [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0009000317735177)·Rasyotra, Anshul [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000172944420)·Redwing, Joan M. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)]·Sofer, Zdenek [Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (Czech Republic)]·Sepehrinezhad, Alireza [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)]·van Duin, Adri [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)]·Ghosh, Arpan [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)]·Chen, Chen [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)]·Mazanek, Vlastimil [Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (Czech Republic)]·Ie, Thomas S. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)]·Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)]·Das, Saptarshi [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)] (ORCID:000000020188945X)
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Abstract

The coupling of ionic and electronic transport in solid-state systems offers new opportunities for realizing compact, energy-efficient sensing technologies, yet practical implementations remain limited. In this article, we introduce a two-dimensional iontronic platform based on field-effect transistors that integrate monolayer MoS 2 channels with van der Waals bimetallic thiophosphates ( AB P 2 X 6 , A = Li, Cu, Ag and so on; B = In, Sc and so on; and X = S and Se) as ionic gate dielectrics to realize on-chip thermometry. Specifically, we exploit thermally activated ion migration within the gate dielectric leading to conductance modulation in the MoS 2 channel for temperature sensing. We achieve ~1–2 °C resolution, fast electronic readout and subpicojoule energy consumption in an ultracompact footprint (~1 µm 2 ). Beyond thermometry, these results establish bimetallic thiophosphates as a versatile platform for solid-state iontronics and broaden the functional design space of van der Waals heterostructures for sensing, actuation and adaptive electronics.

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Sen, Dipanjan [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)], Chowdhury, Anirban [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)], Imam, Safdar [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)] (ORCID:0009000317735177), Rasyotra, Anshul [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000172944420), Redwing, Joan M. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)], Sofer, Zdenek [Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (Czech Republic)], Sepehrinezhad, Alireza [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)], van Duin, Adri [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)], Ghosh, Arpan [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)], Chen, Chen [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)], Mazanek, Vlastimil [Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (Czech Republic)], Ie, Thomas S. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)], Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. [Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)], Das, Saptarshi [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)] (ORCID:000000020188945X). 2026-03-06. Solid-state thermometry via ionic–electronic coupling in two-dimensional heterostructures. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44460-026-00034-2

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