Random 3D Interpenetrating Electrode Design for Energy Storage Applications

Abstract

We introduce the concept of random interpenetrating electrode structures, inspired by spinodal decomposition, as a transformative approach for energy storage applications. While ordered architectures, such as double gyroids and Kelvin cell structures, have long been favored for their structural uniformity and surface area utilization, we demonstrate that random structures offer distinct advantages including shorter diffusion pathways, higher packing density, and enhanced reaction kinetics, particularly at low temperatures. Using a combination of computational and electrochemical analysis, we show that random architecture outperforms their ordered counterparts in scenarios where diffusion dominates. This work represents the first systematic exploration of random structures in energy storage, highlighting their potential to overcome limitations of traditional designs. However, challenges such as structural reproducibility and scalability remain, necessitating further investigation into fabrication techniques and material selection. By establishing a framework to optimize random electrode architectures, we provide critical insights into the interplay between geometry, diffusion, and reaction kinetics. This study not only introduces a new design principle for 3D electrodes but also opens pathways for next-generation energy storage systems that demand both high performance and adaptability to a range of operating conditions.