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DOE OSTI · 3364283

Hybrid geothermal-wind integration in the US energy grid

Sinnott, Victoria [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000197399251)·Miller, Lee [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000155273194)·Krishnamurthy, Raghavendra [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000297184218)
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Abstract

Here, we combine US wind generation—a cheap yet intermittent source of electricity—with the latest geothermal resource estimates to understand the technoeconomic possibilities of pairing enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) with existing wind farms to develop a hybrid energy system. Using observed generation data from 583 wind farms, generation gaps are quantified and geographically paired with the latest EGS estimates. Results demonstrate that EGS potential within a 1 km 2 footprint can supplement wind generation at 56% of onshore wind farms. Each wind farm can be supplemented by EGSs when 10% of its surface-occupying footprint is available. The cost of EGSs at wind farms is lowest in the western US and southern Texas border and highest in the central US. While further experiments are warranted, a wind + EGS hybrid system offers an opportunity to increase power output from the same land footprint while maximizing the use of existing electrical infrastructure.

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EGSelectric grid modernizationenhanced geothermal systemsgeothermalgrid stabilizationhybrid systemspermittingrenewable energywind power

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Sinnott, Victoria [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000197399251), Miller, Lee [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000155273194), Krishnamurthy, Raghavendra [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000297184218). 2026-05-12. Hybrid geothermal-wind integration in the US energy grid. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2026.103284

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