Search NASA⌕ Search
Home/Archive/DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI · 3366653

Gaussian processes for inferring parton distributions

Medrano, Yamil Cahuana [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000604920885)·Dutrieux, Hervé [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States); Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille (France); Univ. of Toulon (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)] (ORCID:0000000183344885)·Karpie, Joseph [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000189999014)·Orginos, Kostas [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000235357865)·Zafeiropoulos, Savvas [Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille (France); Univ. of Toulon (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)] (ORCID:0000000301574770)
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The extraction of parton distribution functions (PDFs) from experimental or lattice QCD data is an ill-posed inverse problem, where regularization strongly impacts both systematic uncertainties and the reliability of the results. We study a framework based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to reconstruct PDFs from lattice QCD matrix elements. Within a Bayesian framework, Gaussian processes serve as flexible priors that encode uncertainties, correlations, and constraints without imposing rigid functional forms. We investigate a wide range of kernel choices, mean functions, and hyperparameter treatments. We quantify information gained from the data using the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Synthetic data tests demonstrate the consistency and robustness of the method. Our study establishes GPR as a systematic and non-parametric approach to PDF reconstruction, offering controlled uncertainty estimates and reduced model bias in lattice QCD analyses.

Explore related subjects

hadronic spectroscopylattice QCDparton distributionsstructure and interactions

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Medrano, Yamil Cahuana [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000604920885), Dutrieux, Hervé [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States); Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille (France); Univ. of Toulon (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)] (ORCID:0000000183344885), Karpie, Joseph [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000189999014), Orginos, Kostas [College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000235357865), Zafeiropoulos, Savvas [Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille (France); Univ. of Toulon (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)] (ORCID:0000000301574770). 2026-04-23. Gaussian processes for inferring parton distributions. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep04(2026)182

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

DOE OSTI2026

Implementing the finite-volume three-pion scattering formalism across all non-maximal isospins

We present a numerical exploration of the relativistic-field-theory (RFT) formalism for three pions with all possible values of non-maximal isospin, I πππ = 2, 1 and 0. Using the generic-isospin extension of the RFT formalism [1] and applying our open-source Python library to implement the framework, we predict a range of three-pion energies for illustrative values of the two-to-two scattering amplitudes for various finite-volume irreps also with non-zero total momentum P in the finite-volume frame. The results restrict attention to the case of a vanishing intrinsic three-body interaction so that the spectra can be understood as a baseline. In future lattice QCD calculations, deviations from these values will be translated into evidence for intrinsic three-body effects in the various scattering channels.

hadronic spectroscopy↗
DOE OSTI2025

Resummation for lattice QCD calculation of generalized parton distributions at nonzero skewness

Large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) provides an approach to directly calculate the x-dependence of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) on a Euclidean lattice through power expansion and a perturbative matching. When a parton’s momentum becomes soft, the corresponding logarithms in the matching kernel become non-negligible at higher orders of perturbation theory, which requires a resummation. But the resummation for the off-forward matrix elements at nonzero skewness ξ is difficult due to their multi-scale nature. In this work, we demonstrate that these logarithms are important only in the threshold limit, and derive the threshold factorization formula for the quasi-GPDs in LaMET. We then propose an approach to resum all the large logarithms based on the threshold factorization, which is implemented on a GPD model. We demonstrate that the LaMET prediction is reliable for [−1 + x 0 , −ξ − x 0 ] ∪ [−ξ + x 0 , ξ − x 0 ] ∪ [ξ + x 0 , 1 − x 0 ], where x 0 is a cutoff depending on hard parton momenta. Through our numerical tests with the GPD model, we demonstrate that our method is self-consistent and that the inverse matching does not spread the nonperturbative effects or power corrections to the perturbatively calculable regions.

hadronic spectroscopy↗