United States Data Center Energy Usage Report: 2025 Update

Smith, Sarah J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]; Hubbard, Alexander [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]; Newkirk, Alex [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]; Ganeshalingam, Mohan [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]; Holecek, Billie [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]; Sartor, Dale [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]; Mills, Michael [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]; Shehabi, Arman [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]

doi:10.71468/p1rp4f

DOE OSTI · 3374245

United States Data Center Energy Usage Report: 2025 Update

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Abstract

This report updates the 2024 Data Center Energy Usage Report (2024 Report) and estimates that data centers could account for 11.8% of total U.S. electricity by 2030. The estimate also includes a range of scenarios that indicate the energy use could be between 9.5 and 15.3% of total U.S. electricity use by 2030. In comparison, the 2024 Report estimate range was 6.7% to 12.0% of total U.S. electricity by 2028.

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Smith, Sarah J. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Hubbard, Alexander [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Newkirk, Alex [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Ganeshalingam, Mohan [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Holecek, Billie [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Sartor, Dale [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Mills, Michael [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)], Shehabi, Arman [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)]. 2026-06-18. United States Data Center Energy Usage Report: 2025 Update. https://doi.org/10.71468/p1rp4f

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