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DOE OSTI ยท 3375661

Universal Spreading of Conditional Mutual Information in Noisy Random Circuits

Lee, Su-unยทOh, ChanghunยทWong, YatยทChen, SenruiยทJiang, Liang
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Abstract

For this work, we study the evolution of conditional mutual information (CMI) in generic open quantum systems, focusing on one-dimensional random circuits with interspersed local noise. Unlike in noiseless circuits, where CMI spreads linearly while being bounded by the light cone, we find that noisy random circuits with an error rate ๐‘ exhibit superlinear propagation of CMI, which diverges far beyond the light cone at a critical circuit depth ๐‘ก ๐‘ โˆ ๐‘ โˆ’1 . We demonstrate that the underlying mechanism for such rapid spreading is the combined effect of local noise and a scrambling unitary, which selectively removes short-range correlations while preserving long-range correlations. To analytically capture the dynamics of CMI in noisy random circuits, we introduce a coarse-graining method, and we validate our theoretical results through numerical simulations. Furthermore, we identify a universal scaling law governing the spreading of CMI.

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decoherenceinformation scramblingopen quantum systemsquantum correlations in quantum informationquantum information theory

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Lee, Su-un, Oh, Changhun, Wong, Yat, Chen, Senrui, Jiang, Liang. 2024-11-15. Universal Spreading of Conditional Mutual Information in Noisy Random Circuits. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.200402

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