DOE OSTI · 3391494
Lieb-Mattis States for Robust Entangled Differential Phase Sensing
Abstract
We explore a two-node, entanglement-enhanced sensor network for differential phase sensing that exploits decoherence-free subspaces to suppress common-mode noise, a primary limitation of many state-of-the-art quantum sensors. We identify a class of entangled states that, while not strictly optimal, achieve the same asymptotic sensitivity scaling as optimal states and can be prepared efficiently from initially unentangled atomic ensembles. Importantly, the preparation time decreases with increasing system size, which makes the states compatible with realistic noise processes in present-day quantum sensors that operate with large particle numbers but lack full error correction. We illustrate these ideas using two cavity-mediated preparation protocols: (i) coherent, unitary entanglement generation analogous to bosonic two-mode squeezing, yielding Heisenberg scaling, and (ii) dissipative preparation through collective emission into a shared cavity mode, providing a square-root improvement beyond the standard quantum limit. Numerical simulations show that both approaches remain effective at experimentally realistic cavity cooperativities, establishing a practical path toward scalable, quantum-enhanced differential phase sensing.
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Kaubruegger, Raphael [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000308462333), Fallas Padilla, Diego [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000173997014), Shankar, Athreya [Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras (India)] (ORCID:000000033822976X), Hotter, Christoph [University of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Institute] (ORCID:0009000338540264), Muleady, Sean R. [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), College Park, MD (United States); University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000250053763), Bringewatt, Jacob [Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000332353444), Baamara, Youcef [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000252771785), Abbasgholinejad, Erfan [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), College Park, MD (United States); University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000202408566), Gorshkov, Alexey V. [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), College Park, MD (United States); University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)] (ORCID:0000000305093421), Mølmer, Klaus [University of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Institute] (ORCID:000000022372869X), Thompson, James K. [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000311605112), Rey, Ana Maria [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000171769413). 2026-06-09. Lieb-Mattis States for Robust Entangled Differential Phase Sensing. https://doi.org/10.1103/ksyh-mb4s
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