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DOE OSTI · 3686265

Smart Charging of Fleet and Personal Electric Vehicles through Joint Vehicle-to-Grid Optimization

Su, Lin·Jayashankar, Navjyoth·Gurumurthy, Krishna Murthy·Kockelman, Kara M.
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Abstract

As electric vehicle (EV) adoption accelerates, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) strategies offer advantages over unmanaged charging (V0G) by enhancing grid stability, reducing fleet operation costs, and supporting integration of variable generation resources. This research develops a day-ahead optimization framework linked with agent-based simulations to evaluate coordinated V2G participation by fleet and personal EVs under 5 energy-pricing settings in Austin, Texas. Three scenarios (V0G, fleet-only V2G, and joint-V2G) are examined, considering real-time price and grid profiles, health-damage costs, and operational constraints for both fleet and personal EVs. Results show how V2G scenarios shift fleet EV charging to mid-day while enabling strategic battery-discharge during evening peaks, mitigating grid stress and lowering EV energy costs. V2G delivers close to 80% energy-cost savings for a 2000-EV fleet in Austin on grid-stressed days, with 55% lower charging pollutant outputs. Joint-V2G amplifies system-level benefits by complementing fleet discharge, but smart-charging equipment costs can offset those benefits.

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Electric vehiclePower grid emissionsShared autonomous electric fleetSimulation and optimizationSmart chargingVehicle-to-grid

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Su, Lin, Jayashankar, Navjyoth, Gurumurthy, Krishna Murthy, Kockelman, Kara M.. 2026-01-01. Smart Charging of Fleet and Personal Electric Vehicles through Joint Vehicle-to-Grid Optimization. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2026.105401

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