DOE OSTI · 3704537
Full event interpretation with machine-learning-based particle-flow reconstruction in the CMS detector
Abstract
The particle-flow (PF) algorithm constructs a global description of each particle collision by producing a comprehensive list of final-state particles, and is central to event reconstruction in the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The existing PF implementation relies on physics-motivated heuristics and assumptions that can be replaced by machine-learning (ML) models trained directly on simulated data and naturally suited to modern graphics processing units (GPUs). A state-of-the-art ML-based PF (MLPF) reconstruction algorithm, implemented within the CMS software framework, is presented. The MLPF algorithm performs a learnable full-event reconstruction on GPUs, generalizes across detector conditions and collision energies, and replaces multiple modular reconstruction steps with a single unified model. Physics performance comparable to standard PF reconstruction is achieved in both simulation and data, with improved jet energy resolution and inference time. In simulated top quark-antiquark events under LHC Run-3 (2023-2024) conditions, the jet energy resolution improves by 10-20% for jets with transverse momentum between 30-100 GeV. Inference time is evaluated using simulated multijet events, with a median of $20\,\hbox {ms}$ per event on an Nvidia L4 GPU, compared to approximately $110\,\hbox {ms}$ for the standard CMS PF reconstruction.
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Hayrapetyan, Aram [Yerevan Phys. Inst.], Makarenko, Vladimir [Yerevan Phys. Inst.] (ORCID:0000000284068605), Tumasyan, Armen [Yerevan Phys. Inst.] (ORCID:0009000006846742), Adam, Wolfgang [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0000000190994341), Benato, Lisa [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0000000151357489), Bergauer, Thomas [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0000000257860293), Dragicevic, Marko [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0000000319676783), Hussain, Priya Sajid [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0000000248255278), Jeitler, Manfred [Vienna, OAW; TU Vienna] (ORCID:0000000251419560), Krammer, Natascha [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0000000205480985), Li, Ang [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:000000024547116X), Liko, Dietrich [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:000000023380473X), Matthewman, Mark [Vienna, OAW], Schieck, Jochen [Vienna, OAW; TU Vienna] (ORCID:0000000210588093), Schöfbeck, Robert [Vienna, OAW; TU Vienna] (ORCID:0000000223328784), Shooshtari, Maryam [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0009000488824887), Sonawane, Mangesh [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0000000305107010), Waltenberger, Wolfgang [Vienna, OAW] (ORCID:0000000262157228), Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth [Vienna, OAW; TU Vienna] (ORCID:0000000192265812), Janssen, Tahys [Antwerp U.] (ORCID:0000000239984081), Kwon, Hyejin [Antwerp U.] (ORCID:0009000251655018), Ocampo Henao, Daniel [Antwerp U.] (ORCID:0000000197593452), Van Laer, Thomas [Antwerp U.] (ORCID:0000000177762108), Van Mechelen, Pierre [Antwerp U.] (ORCID:0000000287319051), Bierkens, Jas [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000208753977), Breugelmans, Nordin [Vrije U., Brussels], D'Hondt, Jorgen [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000295986241), Dansana, Soumya [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000277527471), De Moor, Alexandre [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000159641935), Delcourt, Martin [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000182061787), Heyen, Felix [Vrije U., Brussels], Hong, Yanwen [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000347522458), Kashko, Pavlo [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000270507152), Lowette, Steven [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000339849987), Makarenko, Inna [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000285534508), Tavernier, Stefaan [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000267929522), Tytgat, Michael [Vrije U., Brussels; Gent U.] (ORCID:0000000239902074), Van Onsem, Gerrit Patrick [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000216642337), Van Putte, Senne [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000315593606), Vannerom, David [Vrije U., Brussels] (ORCID:0000000227475095), Bilin, Bugra [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000314397128), Clerbaux, Barbara [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000185478211), Das, Aloke Kumar [Brussels U.], De Bruyn, Isabelle [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000317044360), De Lentdecker, Gilles [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000151247693), Evard, Hugues [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0009000550391462), Favart, Laurent [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000316457454), Gianneios, Paraskevas [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0009000372330738), Khalilzadeh, Ali [Brussels U.], Khan, Fakhri Alam [Brussels U.] (ORCID:000900022039277X), Malara, Andrea [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000186459282), Shahzad, Muhammad Aamir [Brussels U.], Sharma, Archana [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000298601650), Thomas, Laurent [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000227563853), Vanden Bemden, Max [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0009000077257945), Vander Velde, Catherine [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000333927294), Vanlaer, Pascal [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000279314496), Zhang, Fengwangdong [Brussels U.] (ORCID:0000000261582468), De Coen, Maarten [Gent U.] (ORCID:0000000258547442), Dobur, Didar [Gent U.] (ORCID:0000000300124866), Giordano, Cristina [Gent U.], Gokbulut, Gul [Gent U.] (ORCID:0000000201756454), Kaspar, Karam [Gent U.] (ORCID:0009000213575092), Kavtaradze, David [Gent U.], Marckx, David [Gent U.] (ORCID:0000000167522290), Skovpen, Kirill [Gent U.] (ORCID:0000000211600621), Tomaru, Adina Maria [Gent U.], Van Den Bossche, Niels [Gent U.] (ORCID:0000000329734991), van der Linden, Jan [Gent U.] (ORCID:000000027174781X), Vandenbroeck, Jules [Gent U.] (ORCID:0009000461413404), Aarup Petersen, Henriette [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0009000564827466), Bein, Samuel [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000193877407), Benecke, Anna [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000302523609), Bethani, Agni [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000281507043), Bruno, Giacomo [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000188578197), Cappati, Alessandra [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000343860564), De Favereau De Jeneret, Jerome [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000317758574), Delaere, Christophe [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000187076021), Gameiro Casalinho, Francisco [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0009000753126271), Giammanco, Andrea [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000196408294), Guzel, Ahmet Oguz [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000294045933), Lemaitre, Vincent [Louvain U.], Lidrych, Jindrich [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000314390196), Malek, Paul [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000331839741), Mastrapasqua, Paola [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000220432367), Turkcapar, Semra [Louvain U.] (ORCID:0000000326080494), Alves, Gilvan [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000283691446), Barroso Ferreira Filho, Mapse [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000339040571), Coelho, Eduardo [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000161149907), Hensel, Carsten [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000188747624), Matos Figueiredo, Diego [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000325146930), Menezes De Oliveira, Thales [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0009000947298354), Mora Herrera, Clemencia [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000339153170), Rebello Teles, Patricia [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000190298506), Soeiro, Mariana [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000247676468), Tonelli Manganote, Edmilson José [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF; U. Campinas] (ORCID:0000000324598521), Vilela Pereira, Antonio [Rio de Janeiro, CBPF] (ORCID:0000000331774626), Aldá Júnior, Walter Luiz [Rio de Janeiro State U.] (ORCID:0000000158559817), Brandao Malbouisson, Helena [Rio de Janeiro State U.] (ORCID:000000021326318X), Carvalho, Wagner [Rio de Janeiro State U.] (ORCID:0000000307386615). 2026-08-31. Full event interpretation with machine-learning-based particle-flow reconstruction in the CMS detector. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc%2Fs10052-026-15754-5
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