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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS2023

Runtime Assurance of Aeronautical Products: Preliminary Recommendations

Runtime assurance (RTA) affords an operational layer of protection against safety hazards to aeronautical products that may include less trusted or untrusted functions. However, any RTA scheme must itself be trusted before it can be deployed into use: i.e., it must be fit for its intended purpose, and it must not itself introduce safety hazards. This report contains preliminary recommendations on the application and integration of RTA into aeronautical products intended for use in civil aviation. The main purpose of these recommendations is to inform regulatory guidance and consensus standards that may be used to meet the safety intent of the applicable regulations.

Runtime assurance↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Data-Centric Operational Design Domain Characterization for Machine Learning-Based Aeronautical Products

We give for Machine Learning (ML)-based aeronautical products, a first rigorous characterization of Operational Design Domains (ODDs). Unlike in other application sectors (such as self-driving road vehicles) where ODD development is scenario-based, our approach is data-centric: we propose the dimensions along which the parameters that define an ODD can be explicitly captured, using a top-down approach starting from system specifications, and a bottom-up approach starting from detailed ML Model (MLM) designs. Then we give a categorization of the data that ML-based applications can encounter in operation, identifying their system-level relevance and impact. Specifically, we discuss how those data categories are useful to determine: (1) the requirements necessary to drive the design of MLMs; (2) the potential effects on the MLM and higher levels of the system hierarchy; (3) the learning assurance processes that may be needed, and (4) system architectural considerations. We illustrate the underlying concepts with an example of an aircraft flight envelope. The approach in this paper is one of the cornerstones of a future process guidance for development and certification/approval of safety-related aeronautical products implementing Artificial Intelligence (AI), currently being developed through aviation industry-based consensus, jointly by the SAE G-34 Committee for AI in aviation, and EUROCAE WG-114 for AI.

Aeronautical products↗
NASA NTRS1972

Aeronautical Engineering: A special bibliography with indexes, supplement 13

This special bibliography lists 283 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in December, 1971. Emphasis is placed on engineering and theoretical aspects for design, construction, evaluation, testing, operation and performance of aircraft (including aircraft engines), and associated components, equipment and systems. Also included are entries on research and development in aeronautics and aerodynamics and research and ground support for aeronautical vehicles.

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NASA NTRS1972

Aeronautical Engineering, a special bibliography with indexes, supplement 15

This special bibliography lists 363 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in January 1972. Emphasis is placed on engineering and theoretical aspects for design, construction, evaluation, testing, operation and performance of aircraft (including aircraft engines) and associated components, equipment and systems. Also included are entries on research and development in aeronautics and aerodynamics and research and ground support for aeronautical vehicles.

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NASA NTRS1973

Multibeam satellite EIRP adaptability for aeronautical communications.

EIRP enhancement and management techniques, emphasizing aeronautical communications and adaptable multibeam concepts, are classified and characterized. User requirement and demand characteristics that exploit the improvement available from each technique are identified, and the relative performance improvement of each is discussed. It is concluded that aeronautical satellite communications could benefit greatly by the employment of these techniques.

Kinal, G. V.↗
NASA NTRS1975

University/government/industry relations in aeronautics

Methods for improving the relationships between universities, the aircraft industry, and the Government are proposed. The author submits nine specific recommendations aimed at more effective aeronautical engineering education and employment of graduate engineers. The need for improved communication between the organizations which influence the advancement of aeronautical sciences is stressed.

Schairer, G. S.↗
NASA NTRS1975

University research in aeronautics

The types of aeronautical research projects which universities should and should not accept for Government and industry are discussed. Specific examples of suitable and unsuitable research projects are presented. The author recommends two modes by which universities can be of assistance to other organizations in aeronautical research.

Ashley, H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Curriculum for modern aeronautics

Methods for improving the university training of aeronautical engineering students are discussed. Specific topics considered are: (1) the kind of students which should be developed through aeronautical engineering education, (2) to what extent should aerospace engineering be prepared for diversity and change, (3) to what extent should theory be emphasized as compared with practical engineering and design, and (4) a suggestion for NASA/Industry/University collaboration.

Roberts, L.↗
NASA NTRS1975

What kind of students should be developed through aeronautical engineering education?

The educational requirements for future aeronautical engineering students are postulated. The change in aeronautical engineering from increasing aircraft performance without regard to cost is compared with the cost effective aspects of future research. The capabilities of future engineers are discussed with respect to the following areas: (1) problem solving, (2) planning and organizing, (3) communication, and (4) professionalism.

Holloway, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Recollections from an earlier period in American aeronautics

The situation of American aeronautics in the year 1929 is examined. In that year manufacturers all over the U.S. were bringing out new aircraft models to capture an assured market. Earlier developments in aviation in the U.S. after World War I are also considered along with the conditions of American aeronautics in the 1930s. Attention is given to the introduction of the Barling NB-3 with its all-metal construction, efforts of NACA to collect and disseminate in a uniform notation aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils from laboratories around the world, and the invention of the variable-density wind tunnel.

Jones, R. T.↗
NASA NTRS1978

A cumulative index to Aeronautical Engineering: A special bibliography

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in NASA SP-7037 (80) through NASA SP-7037 (91) of Aeronautical Engineering: A Special Bibliography. NASA SP-7037 and its supplements have been compiled through the cooperative efforts of the American Institute of Aeronautics (AIAA) and Space Administration (NASA). This cumulative index includes subject, personal author, corporate source, contract, and report number indexes.

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NASA NTRS1978

A method for the analysis of the benefits and costs for aeronautical research and technology

A relatively simple, consistent, and reasonable methodology for performing cost-benefit analyses which can be used to guide, justify, and explain investments in aeronautical research and technology is presented. The elements of this methodology (labeled ABC-ART for the Analysis of the Benefits and Costs of Aeronautical Research and Technology) include estimation of aircraft markets; manufacturer costs and return on investment versus aircraft price; airline costs and return on investment versus aircraft price and passenger yield; and potential system benefits--fuel savings, cost savings, and noise reduction. The application of this methodology is explained using the introduction of an advanced turboprop powered transport aircraft in the medium range market in 1978 as an example.

Williams, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Documentation of the analysis of the benefits and costs of aeronautical research and technology models, volume 1

The analysis of the benefits and costs of aeronautical research and technology (ABC-ART) models are documented. These models were developed by NASA for use in analyzing the economic feasibility of applying advanced aeronautical technology to future civil aircraft. The methodology is composed of three major modules: fleet accounting module, airframe manufacturing module, and air carrier module. The fleet accounting module is used to estimate the number of new aircraft required as a function of time to meet demand. This estimation is based primarily upon the expected retirement age of existing aircraft and the expected change in revenue passenger miles demanded. Fuel consumption estimates are also generated by this module. The airframe manufacturer module is used to analyze the feasibility of the manufacturing the new aircraft demanded. The module includes logic for production scheduling and estimating manufacturing costs. For a series of aircraft selling prices, a cash flow analysis is performed and a rate of return on investment is calculated. The air carrier module provides a tool for analyzing the financial feasibility of an airline purchasing and operating the new aircraft. This module includes a methodology for computing the air carrier direct and indirect operating costs, performing a cash flow analysis, and estimating the internal rate of return on investment for a set of aircraft purchase prices.

Bobick, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 119)

This bibliography lists 341 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in January 1980. Abstracts on the engineering and theoretical aspects of design, construction, evaluation, testing, operation, and performance of aircraft (including aircraft engines) and associated components, equipment, and systems are presented. Research and development in aerodynamics, aeronautics, and ground support equipment for aeronautical vehicles are also presented.

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NASA NTRS1981

NASA's Role in Aeronautics: A Workshop. Volume 4: General aviation

A substantially improved flow of new technology is imperative if the general aviation industry is to maintain a strong world position. Although NASA is the most eminently suited entity available to carry out the necessary research and technology development effort because of its facilities, expertise, and endorsement by the aircraft industry, less than 3% of its aeronautical R&T budget is devoted to general aviation aeronautics. It is recommended that (1) a technology program, particularly one that focuses on improving fuel efficienty and safety, be aggressively pursued by NASA; (2) NASA be assigned the role of leading basic research technology effort in general aviation up through technology demonstration; (3) a strategic plan be developed by NASA, in cooperation with the industry, and implemented in time for the 1982 budget cycle; and (4) a NASA R&T budget be allocated for general aviation adequate to support the proposed plan.

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NASA NTRS1982

Historical perspectives on thermostructural research at the NACA Langley Aeronautical Laboratory from 1948 to 1958

Some of the early research on structural problems produced by aerodynamic heating, conducted at the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics from 1948 to 1958 is described. That was the last decade of the NACA; in 1958 NACA became the nucleus of NASA. The NACA initially contracted for research but was aware that a well-equipped and suitably staffed laboratory was required to fulfill its obligations. Langley was established in 1920; the other listed were added during the NACA expansion in the World War II years. Some specific research activities are described, starting with calculation of the temperature of the structure.

Heldenfels, R. R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Aeronautical Engineering: A continuing bibliography

This bibliography lists 347 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the scientific and technical information system. Documents on the engineering and theoretical aspects of design, construction, evaluation, testing, operation, and performance of aircraft (including aircraft engines) and associated compounds, equipment, and systems are included. Research and development in aerodynamics, aeronautics and ground support equipment for aeronautical vehicles are also included.

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