In- and outflow field of hurricane Debbie as revealed by echo and cloud velocities from airborne radar into ATS-III pictures
In- and outflow fields in hurricane Debbie, using airborne radar echoes and ATS 3 satellite pictures
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In- and outflow fields in hurricane Debbie, using airborne radar echoes and ATS 3 satellite pictures
ATS-5 satellite dual swept radiometer features, operation and specifications
Magnetopause crossing observation of ATS 5 satellite during magnetic storm
Geomagnetic storm disturbance fields measurement by ATS 1 satellite compared with simultaneous low altitude observation, noting cavity sudden commencement compression effect
Navigation and communication experiment at L band on board S.S. Manhattan using ATS-5 satellite with biphase PSK modulation of three tones for ranging
Magnetopause electric field accounting for ATS 5 energetic proton and electron flux measurements, comparing to various models
Quiet day geomagnetic field measurements at synchronous orbit ATS 1, calculating equatorial component of interaction force between solar wind and earth
Geomagnetic field measurements by ATS 1 in synchronous equatorial orbit, determining pulsations types during magnetically quiet and geomagnetic storm periods
Tornado producing thunderstorms upper level outflow synoptic and dynamic processes from ATS 3 pictures, discussing convective warming effects
The results of the ATS-5 solar cell experiment after one year in synchronous orbit are reported. A partial failure in the experimental electronics package has caused a loss of data from half the 80 experimental solar cells. Procedures for extracting data due to a partial spacecraft failure are described and discussed. Data from the remaining 40 solar cells, including 15 mounted on a thin flexible structure are analyzed. Data are corrected to a solar intensity of 140 mW/sq cm and a temperature of 25 C. It was found that after one year in synchronous orbit: (1) cells with 1.52-mm-thick coverslides did not show a clear-cut advantage over those with 0.15-mm coverslides, (2) cells with solderless grid lines are degrading at the same rate as are cells with solder-dipped grid lines, (3) cells not quite completely covered with coverslides suffered a large power loss in comparison to cells fully covered, (4) no clear-cut advantage of 10-cm cells over 2-cm cells has yet been observed, (5) cells mounted on the flexible panel with relatively little backshielding did not degrade any faster than those with substantial backshielding, and (6) the flight data in large part confirms the adequacy of the ground-based techniques used in our preflight radiation test program.
Results of the coordinated observations of the magnetospheric substorm occurring at 05:30 on 13 February 1970 are presented. Progress in several other areas of analysis of the data from the Lockheed experiment on ATS-5 is outlined.
The Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle (AC-17) with Applications Technology Satellite-D (ATS-D) was launched from Cape Kennedy in August 1968. Mission objectives were not achieved because the Centaur main engine failed to start for the second powered phase. An evaluation is reported of the performance of the Atlas-Centaur systems, from lift off through the Centaur restart attempt. A brief analysis of the Centaur failure is included.
The ATS 5 millimeter wave propagation experiment determines long- and short-term attenuation statistics of operational millimeter wavelength earthspace links as functions of defined meteorological conditions. A preliminary analysis of results with 15 GHz downlink and 32 GHz uplink frequency bands indicates that both frequency bands exhibit an excellent potential for utilization in reliable high data rate earth-space communications systems.
Low frequency oscillations in the earth's magnetic field at the synchronous orbit were observed with the magnetometer experiment on board the ATS 1 satellite since Dec. 1966. An analysis of oscillations in the range .002 f .02 H3 for the interval Dec. 1966 through Dec. 1968 is reported. It was found that the frequency of an event increases with the sum of Kp for 24 hours prior to the event midpoint. For events with duration greater than 6 hours, the product moment correlation coefficient for frequency f, and the sum Kp was R = 0.87. The best least squares linear fit to the data for these events was f = (0.32) sum Kp = 5.1. For the same events the correlation coefficient for frequency and Dst was R = -0.83.
Results are reported for an analysis of low frequency oscillations in the earth's magnetic field as observed at the synchronous orbit by the magnetometer experiment on board ATS 1. Oscillations in the range .002 f .02 H3 for the period Dec. 1966 through Dec. 1967 were studied. The analysis combines a detailed, computer-processed, spectral analysis of selected events with a less detailed manual analysis of all events in the two year time interval from Dec. 1966 to Dec. 1968. The computer analysis revealed that a given event is often characterized by a dominat, narrow, spectral peak whose associated oscillations are almost entirely limited to a plane, together with several minor peaks. Dynamic spectral analyses revealed that minor spectral peaks appear as short isolated bursts. The sense of rotation of the perturbation vector tends to change from right-handed elliptical at the beginning of a burst to left-handed elliptical at the end. The major axis of the polarization ellipse is inclined by typically 30 deg east of radial.
This report explains the data reduction and spacecraft position determination used in conjunction with two ATS experiments - Trilateration and Turnaround Ranging - and describes in detail a multilateration program that is used for part of the data reduction process. The process described is for the determination of the inertial position of the satellite, and for formating input for related programs. In the trilateration procedure, a geometric determination of satellite position is made from near simultaneous range measurements made by three different tracking stations. Turnaround ranging involves two stations; one, the master station, transmits the signal to the satellite and the satellite retransmits the signal to the slave station which turns the signal around to the satellite which in turn retransmits the signal to the master station. The results of the satellite position computations using the multilateration program are compared to results of other position determination programs used at Goddard. All programs give nearly the same results which indicates that because of its simplicity and computational speed the trilateration technique is useful in obtaining spacecraft positions for near synchronous satellites.
Hourly averages of the magnetic field components are determined and analyzed using the measurements, by the magnetic field monitor (MFM) aboard the ATS-5 satellite. The data covering the time period of September 1969 through September 1971 are sorted and analyzed for various Kp values, geomagnetic latitude of the subsolar point, and local time. Local time variations are harmonically analyzed, and amplitudes and phases are given up to the fourth harmonic.
A proposal is presented to conduct a satellite VLBI experiment using the ATS C-2 spacecraft. The main objectives of the experiment are: (1) precision spacecraft position determination with the VLBI technique and comparison of the L-band interferometric technique with the L-band R and R technique from the viewpoint of operational simplicity and precision, (2) comparison of the single differential Doppler and the wideband VLBI technique for such uses as tracking, geodesy, etc., (3) derivation of real time ionospheric corrections and phase scintillation effects utilizing simultaneous two-frequency (L- and C-band) tracking of the spacecraft in both time delay and Doppler interferometry, (4) development of techniques for precise time dissemination, particularly to marine users, through wideband time-delay interferometry, (5) development of techniques to use synchronous satellites as stable platforms in space in the area of marine geodesy, (6) station location and calibration, and (7) aid to L-band navigation experiments which utilize precise spacecraft position and time in deriving the user's position.